Nau'in Inverters Ajiye Makamashi Hanyar fasahar inverters ajiyar makamashi: akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na haɗin gwiwar DC da haɗin gwiwar AC Tsarin ajiya na PV, gami da na'urorin hasken rana, masu sarrafawa, inverter, batirin gida na lithium, lodi da sauran kayan aiki. A halin yanzu,makamashi ajiya invertersmanyan hanyoyin fasaha guda biyu ne: DC coupling da AC coupling. AC ko DC coupling yana nufin yadda ake haɗa fale-falen hasken rana ko haɗa su da tsarin ajiya ko tsarin baturi. Nau'in haɗin kai tsakanin samfuran hasken rana da batura na iya zama ko dai AC ko DC. Yawancin da'irori na lantarki suna amfani da wutar lantarki ta DC, tare da tsarin hasken rana da ke samar da wutar DC da baturin da ke adana wutar DC, duk da haka yawancin na'urori suna aiki akan wutar AC. 
Tsarin Rana Hybrid + Tsarin Ajiye Makamashi Hybrid solar inverter + tsarin ajiyar makamashi, inda aka adana wutar DC daga PV modules, ta hanyar mai sarrafawa, a cikinlithium gida baturi banki, kuma grid ɗin kuma na iya cajin baturin ta hanyar mai juyawa DC-AC guda biyu. Ma'anar haɗuwar makamashi yana gefen baturin DC. A lokacin rana, ana fara ba da wutar lantarki ta PV zuwa kaya, sannan kuma ana cajin batirin gidan lithium ta mai sarrafa MPPT, kuma ana haɗa tsarin ajiyar makamashi zuwa grid, ta yadda za'a iya haɗa wutar lantarki da yawa zuwa grid; da dare, baturi yana fitarwa zuwa kaya, kuma ƙarancin yana cika ta grid; lokacin da grid ya fita, ana ba da wutar lantarki ta PV da baturin gidan lithium zuwa wurin kashe-grid kawai, kuma ba za a iya amfani da kaya a ƙarshen grid ba. Lokacin da nauyin nauyi ya fi ƙarfin PV, grid da PV na iya ba da wutar lantarki zuwa kaya a lokaci guda. Domin ba ƙarfin PV ko ƙarfin lodi ba ya tabbata, yana dogara da baturin gida na lithium don daidaita tsarin makamashi. Bugu da kari, tsarin kuma yana tallafawa mai amfani don saita lokacin caji da caji don biyan bukatun mai amfani. DC hadawa tsarin aiki ka'idar 
Matakan inverter yana da haɗe-haɗen aikin kashe-grid don ingantattun caji. Masu juyawa masu ɗaure grid suna kashe wuta ta atomatik zuwa tsarin hasken rana yayin katsewar wutar lantarki saboda dalilai na tsaro. Hybrid inverters, a daya bangaren, yana bawa masu amfani damar samun aiki na kashe-gid da grid, don haka ana samun wutar lantarki ko da lokacin katsewar wutar lantarki. Haɓaka inverters suna sauƙaƙe saka idanu na makamashi, suna barin mahimman bayanai kamar aiki da samar da makamashi don bincika ta hanyar inverter panel ko haɗin na'urori masu wayo. Idan tsarin yana da inverters guda biyu, dole ne a kula da su daban. Haɗin dC yana rage asara a canjin AC-DC. Canjin cajin baturi shine kusan 95-99%, yayin da haɗin AC shine 90%. Hybrid inverters suna da tattalin arziki, m da sauƙin shigarwa. Shigar da sabon injin inverter tare da batura masu haɗin DC na iya zama mai rahusa fiye da sake sabunta batura masu haɗakar da AC zuwa tsarin da ake da shi saboda mai sarrafawa ya ɗan rahusa fiye da inverter mai haɗin grid, canjin sauyawa yana da ɗan rahusa fiye da majalisar rarraba, kuma DC Za a iya yin bayani guda biyu a cikin inverter mai sarrafawa duka-in-daya, yana adana farashin kayan aiki da farashin shigarwa. Musamman don ƙanana da matsakaitan tsarin kashe wutar lantarki, tsarin da aka haɗa da DC suna da tsada sosai. Na'urar inverter na matasan yana da nau'i-nau'i sosai kuma yana da sauƙi don ƙara sabbin abubuwa da masu sarrafawa, kuma ana iya ƙara ƙarin abubuwan da aka haɗa cikin sauƙi ta amfani da masu kula da hasken rana na DC masu rahusa. An ƙera na'urorin inverters na matasan don haɗawa da ajiya a kowane lokaci, yana sauƙaƙa don ƙara bankunan baturi. Tsarin inverter na matasan ya fi ƙanƙanta kuma yana amfani da sel masu ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, tare da ƙananan girman kebul da ƙananan asara. 
Tsarin tsarin haɗin kai na DC 
AC hadawa tsarin abun da ke ciki Duk da haka, matasan inverters na hasken rana ba su dace da haɓaka tsarin hasken rana da ake da su ba kuma sun fi tsada don shigarwa don tsarin wutar lantarki mafi girma. Idan abokin ciniki yana son haɓaka tsarin hasken rana da ke akwai don haɗa baturin gida na lithium, zabar haɗaɗɗen inverter na hasken rana na iya dagula lamarin. Sabanin haka, mai jujjuya baturi na iya zama mafi tasiri mai inganci, saboda zabar shigar da na'urar inverter na hasken rana zai buƙaci cikakken aiki mai tsada da tsadar tsarin tsarin hasken rana gabaɗaya. Tsarin wutar lantarki mafi girma ya fi rikitarwa don shigarwa kuma yana iya zama mafi tsada saboda buƙatar ƙarin masu kula da wutar lantarki. Idan ana amfani da ƙarin ƙarfi yayin rana, ana samun raguwa kaɗan a cikin ingancin aiki saboda DC (PV) zuwa DC (batt) zuwa AC. 
Haɗaɗɗen Tsarin Rana + Tsarin Ajiye Makamashi Tsarin ajiya na PV + guda biyu, wanda kuma aka sani da tsarin ajiya na AC retrofit PV +, na iya fahimtar ikon DC da aka fitar daga samfuran PV an canza shi zuwa ikon AC ta hanyar inverter mai haɗin grid, sa'an nan kuma ikon da ya wuce gona da iri ya canza zuwa ikon DC kuma ana adana shi a cikin wutar lantarki. baturi ta AC ma'adanin ajiya inverter. Wurin haɗakar makamashi yana a ƙarshen AC. Ya haɗa da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na gida na lithium. Tsarin photovoltaic yana ƙunshe da tsararrun hoto da kuma inverter mai haɗin grid, yayin da tsarin baturi na gida na lithium ya ƙunshi bankin baturi da mai juyawa biyu-directional. Waɗannan tsarin guda biyu na iya yin aiki da kansu ba tare da tsoma baki da juna ba ko za a iya raba su da grid don samar da tsarin microgrid. AC hadawa tsarin aiki ka'idar 
Tsarukan haɗin AC sun dace da grid 100%, mai sauƙin shigarwa da sauƙin faɗaɗawa. Ana samun daidaitattun abubuwan shigarwa na gida, har ma da ingantattun tsarin (2kW zuwa ajin MW) ana iya faɗaɗawa cikin sauƙi don amfani da su tare da grid-daure da na'urorin janareta na tsaye (saitin dizal, injin turbin iska, da sauransu). Yawancin inverters na hasken rana sama da 3kW suna da abubuwan shigar MPPT guda biyu, don haka za'a iya sanya fa'idodin igiyoyi masu tsayi a wurare daban-daban da kusurwoyi daban-daban. A mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC, haɗin AC yana da sauƙi kuma ba shi da wahala don shigar da manyan tsare-tsare fiye da tsarin haɗin gwiwar DC waɗanda ke buƙatar masu kula da cajin MPPT da yawa, don haka ƙasa da tsada. Haɗin AC ya dace don sake fasalin tsarin kuma yana da inganci yayin rana tare da kayan AC. Tsarukan PV mai haɗin grid na yanzu ana iya canzawa zuwa tsarin ajiyar makamashi tare da ƙarancin shigarwar kuɗi. Zai iya ba da amintaccen wuta ga masu amfani lokacin da grid ɗin wutar ya ƙare. Mai jituwa tare da tsarin PV mai haɗin grid na masana'anta daban-daban. Na'urorin haɗin AC na ci gaba galibi ana amfani da su don manyan sikelin kashe-grid kuma suna amfani da kirtani na inverter na hasken rana a haɗe tare da inverter na zamani masu yawa ko inverter/caja don sarrafa batura da grid/generators. Ko da yake yana da sauƙi da ƙarfi don saitawa, ba su da ɗan aiki kaɗan (90-94%) a cajin batura idan aka kwatanta da tsarin haɗin DC (98%). Duk da haka, waɗannan tsarin sun fi dacewa lokacin da suke kunna manyan lodin AC yayin rana, suna kai kashi 97% ko fiye, kuma ana iya faɗaɗa wasu tare da inverter na hasken rana da yawa don samar da microgrids. Cajin AC-haɗe-haɗe yana da ƙarancin inganci kuma ya fi tsada ga ƙananan tsarin. Energyarfin da ke shigar da baturi a haɗin haɗin AC dole ne a canza shi sau biyu, kuma lokacin da mai amfani ya fara amfani da makamashin, dole ne a sake canza shi, yana ƙara ƙarin hasara ga tsarin. Sakamakon haka, ƙarfin haɗin AC yana raguwa zuwa 85-90% lokacin amfani da tsarin baturi. Inverters masu haɗa AC sun fi tsada don ƙananan tsarin. 
Kashe-grid Tsarin Rana + Tsarin Ajiye Makamashi Kashe-grid tsarin hasken rana+ tsarin ajiya yawanci sun ƙunshi nau'ikan PV, baturin gida na lithium, inverter na kashe-grid, kaya da janareta na diesel. Tsarin zai iya gane cajin baturi kai tsaye ta hanyar PV ta hanyar juyawa DC-DC, ko jujjuyawar DC-AC guda biyu don caji da fitar da baturi. A lokacin rana, ana fara ba da wutar lantarki ta PV zuwa kaya, sannan kuma cajin baturi; da daddare, baturi yana sauke zuwa lodi, kuma idan baturin bai isa ba, ana kawo janareta na diesel zuwa nauyin. Yana iya biyan buƙatun wutar lantarki na yau da kullun a wuraren da ba tare da grid ba. Ana iya haɗa shi da injinan dizal don samar da kaya ko cajin batura. Yawancin ma'ajiyar wutar lantarki ta kashe wutar lantarki ba a ba da bodar haɗin yanar gizo ba, ko da tsarin yana da grid, ba za a iya haɗa shi da grid ba. Abubuwan da ake Aiwatar da su na Masu Inverters Ajiye Makamashi Masu jujjuyawar ajiyar makamashi suna da manyan ayyuka uku, gami da ƙa'ida mafi girma, ikon jiran aiki da iko mai zaman kansa. Ta yanki, kololuwa shine abin da ake bukata a Turai, dauki Jamus a matsayin misali, farashin wutar lantarki a Jamus ya kai $0.46/kWh a shekarar 2023, wanda ke matsayi na farko a duniya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, farashin wutar lantarki na Jamus yana ci gaba da hauhawa, kuma ajiyar PV / PV LCOE shine kawai 10.2 / 15.5 cents a kowace digiri, 78% / 66% ƙasa da farashin wutar lantarki na zama, farashin wutar lantarki na mazaunin da farashin ajiyar PV na wutar lantarki tsakanin bambanci. zai ci gaba da fadada. Rarraba PV na gida da tsarin ajiya na iya rage farashin wutar lantarki, don haka a wurare masu tsada masu amfani suna da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don shigar da ajiyar gida. A cikin kasuwar kololuwa, masu amfani sukan zabi matasan inverter da tsarin baturi mai hade da AC, wadanda suka fi inganci da saukin samarwa. Caja inverter batir mai kashe wuta mai nauyi mai nauyi sun fi tsada, yayin da matasan inverter da tsarin batir mai haɗakar AC suna amfani da inverter marasa canji tare da canza transistor. Waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan, masu jujjuya nauyi masu nauyi suna da ƙananan haɓaka da ƙimar fitarwar wutar lantarki, amma sun fi tasiri, mai rahusa da sauƙin ƙira. Ana buƙatar wutar lantarki a cikin Amurka da Japan, kuma ikon tsayawa kawai shine abin da kasuwa ke buƙata, gami da yankuna kamar Afirka ta Kudu. A cewar EIA, matsakaicin lokacin katsewar wutar lantarki a Amurka a cikin 2020 ya fi sa'o'i 8, galibi mazaunan Amurka da ke zaune a warwatse, wani bangare na grid na tsufa da bala'o'i. Aikace-aikacen rarraba PV na gida da tsarin ajiya na iya rage dogara ga grid kuma ƙara yawan amincin wutar lantarki a gefen abokin ciniki. Tsarin ajiya na PV na Amurka ya fi girma kuma yana sanye da ƙarin batura, saboda buƙatar adana wutar lantarki don magance bala'o'i. Samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kanta ita ce buƙatun kasuwa kai tsaye, Afirka ta Kudu, Pakistan, Lebanon, Philippines, Vietnam da sauran ƙasashe a cikin sarkar samar da wutar lantarki ta duniya, abubuwan more rayuwa na ƙasar ba su isa su tallafa wa jama'a da wutar lantarki ba, don haka masu amfani da su za su kasance da kayan gida. PV tsarin ajiya. Haɓaka inverters azaman madadin ikon suna da iyaka. Idan aka kwatanta da keɓaɓɓen inverter na batir na kashe-grid, masu jujjuyawar haɗaɗɗiyar suna da wasu iyakoki, galibi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi ko mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki idan ya mutu. Bugu da ƙari, wasu inverters matasan ba su da ko iyakacin ƙarfin ƙarfin ajiya, don haka ƙananan ko mahimmancin kaya kamar hasken wuta da na'urorin lantarki na yau da kullum za a iya tallafawa a yayin da wutar lantarki ta ƙare, kuma yawancin tsarin suna fuskantar jinkiri na 3-5 na biyu a lokacin rashin wutar lantarki. . Kashe-grid inverters, a gefe guda, suna ba da haɓaka mai girma sosai da fitarwar wutar lantarki kuma suna iya ɗaukar manyan lodin inductive. Idan mai amfani yana shirin kunna na'urori masu tasowa irin su famfo, compressors, injin wanki da kayan aikin wuta, mai inverter dole ne ya iya ɗaukar nauyin haɓaka mai girma. Matakan inverters masu haɗaka da DC A halin yanzu masana'antu suna amfani da ƙarin tsarin ajiya na PV tare da haɗin gwiwar DC don cimma ƙirar PV ɗin da aka haɗa, musamman a cikin sabbin tsarin inda injin inverters ke da sauƙi kuma ƙasa da tsada don shigarwa. Lokacin ƙara sabon tsarin, yin amfani da injin inverters don ajiyar makamashi na PV zai iya rage farashin kayan aiki da farashin shigarwa, saboda mai juyawa na ajiya zai iya cimma haɗin kai-inverter. Mai sarrafawa da sauyawar sauyawa a cikin tsarin da aka haɗa DC ba su da tsada fiye da grid-connected inverters da ɗakunan rarrabawa a cikin tsarin haɗin AC, don haka mafita na DC ba su da tsada fiye da hanyoyin haɗin AC. Mai sarrafawa, baturi da inverter a cikin tsarin haɗin DC suna serial, an haɗa su sosai kuma ƙasa da sassauƙa. Don sabon tsarin da aka shigar, PV, baturi da inverter an tsara su bisa ga ƙarfin lodin mai amfani da ikon amfani da wutar lantarki, don haka ya fi dacewa da inverter mai haɗakar da DC. 
Kayayyakin inverter masu haɗakar da DC-haɗe-haɗe sune yanayin al'ada, BSLBATT kuma ta ƙaddamar da nata5kw hybrid solar invertera karshen shekarar da ta gabata, kuma za ta kaddamar da 6kW da 8kW matasan inverter na hasken rana a jere a wannan shekara! Babban samfuran masana'antun inverter na ajiyar makamashi sun fi yawa don manyan kasuwanni uku na Turai, Amurka da Ostiraliya. A cikin kasuwar Turai, Jamus, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Netherlands da sauran al'adun gargajiyar PV core kasuwa galibi kasuwa ce mai kashi uku, mafi dacewa ga ikon manyan samfuran. Italiya, Spain da sauran ƙasashen kudancin Turai galibi suna buƙatar samfuran ƙarancin wutan lantarki na lokaci ɗaya. Kuma Jamhuriyar Czech, Poland, Romania, Lithuania da sauran ƙasashen Gabashin Turai galibi suna buƙatar samfuran matakai uku, amma karɓar farashin ya ragu. {Asar Amirka na da tsarin ajiyar makamashi mafi girma kuma ta fi son samfurori mafi girma. Nau'in raba batir da inverter na ajiya ya fi shahara tare da masu sakawa, amma inverter duk-in-one shine yanayin ci gaban gaba. PV energy storage hybrid inverter an kara raba shi zuwa hybrid inverter da aka sayar daban da tsarin ajiyar makamashi na baturi (BESS) wanda ke siyar da inverter da baturi tare. A halin yanzu, game da dillalan da ke kula da tashar, kowane abokin ciniki kai tsaye ya fi mai da hankali, baturi, samfuran raba inverter sun fi shahara, musamman a wajen Jamus, galibi saboda sauƙin shigarwa da haɓakawa, da sauƙin rage farashin sayayya. , Ba za a iya ba da baturi ko inverter don nemo wadata na biyu ba, isarwa ya fi aminci. Jamus, Amurka, Japan Trend ne duk-in-one inji. Duk-in-daya na'ura na iya ajiye matsala mai yawa bayan siyar, kuma akwai dalilai na takaddun shaida, kamar takaddun tsarin kashe gobara na Amurka yana buƙatar haɗawa da inverter. Hanyoyin fasaha na yau da kullum yana zuwa na'ura mai mahimmanci, amma daga tallace-tallace na kasuwa na nau'in rarraba a cikin mai sakawa don karɓar ɗan ƙarami. A cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwar DC, na'urorin batir masu ƙarfin lantarki sun fi inganci, amma sun fi tsada a yanayin ƙarancin baturi mai ƙarfi. Daura da48V tsarin baturi, Batura masu ƙarfin lantarki suna aiki a cikin kewayon 200-500V DC, suna da ƙananan asarar kebul kuma mafi inganci saboda hasken rana yana aiki akan 300-600V, kama da ƙarfin baturi, yana ba da damar yin amfani da masu canza DC-DC masu inganci tare da sosai. ƙananan hasara. Tsarin baturi mai ƙarfi ya fi tsada fiye da ƙananan batir ɗin tsarin wutar lantarki, yayin da inverters ba su da tsada. A halin yanzu ana samun yawaitar bukatu na batir masu karfin wuta da kuma karancin wadatar batir, don haka batir mai karfin wuta yana da wahalar saye, kuma idan aka yi la’akari da karancin batir, yana da sauki a yi amfani da na’urar batir mai karamin karfi. Haɗin kai na DC tsakanin tsarin hasken rana da inverters 
Haɗin kai tsaye DC zuwa mahaɗan inverter masu jituwa 
AC Coupled Inverters Tsarukan da aka haɗa DC ba su dace da sake fasalin tsarin da ke da haɗin grid ba. Hanyar haɗakarwa ta DC galibi tana da matsaloli masu zuwa: Na farko, tsarin da ke amfani da haɗin gwiwar DC yana da matsalolin rikiɗaɗɗen wayoyi da ƙirƙira ƙira yayin sake fasalin tsarin da ke da alaƙa da grid; na biyu, jinkirin sauyawa tsakanin grid-connected da off-grid yana da tsawo, wanda ke sa wutar lantarki ta mai amfani ta yi rauni; na uku, aikin sarrafawa na hankali ba shi da cikakkiyar isa kuma amsawar kulawa ba ta dace ba, wanda ya sa ya fi wuya a gane aikace-aikacen micro-grid na samar da wutar lantarki na gida duka. Saboda haka, wasu kamfanoni sun zaɓi hanyar fasahar haɗin gwiwar AC, kamar Rene. Tsarin haɗin AC yana sauƙaƙe shigarwar samfurin. ReneSola yana amfani da gefen AC da haɗin gwiwar tsarin PV don cimma nasarar kwararar makamashi ta hanyar bi-biyu, kawar da buƙatar samun dama ga bas ɗin PV DC, yana sauƙaƙe shigarwar samfur; ta hanyar haɗakar sarrafa software na ainihin lokaci da haɓaka ƙirar kayan masarufi don cimma canjin millisecond zuwa kuma daga grid; ta hanyar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar fitarwa na inverter na makamashi da samar da wutar lantarki da tsarin tsarin rarraba don cimma nasarar samar da wutar lantarki ta gida gabaɗaya a ƙarƙashin sarrafa akwatin sarrafa atomatik Aikace-aikacen micro-grid na sarrafa akwatin sarrafawa ta atomatik. Matsakaicin ingancin jujjuyawar samfuran AC guda biyu ya ɗan yi ƙasa da namatasan inverters. Matsakaicin ƙarfin jujjuyawar samfuran AC guda biyu shine 94-97%, wanda ya ɗan yi ƙasa da na na'urorin inverters, galibi saboda samfuran dole ne a canza su sau biyu kafin a adana su a cikin baturi bayan samar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke rage ƙarfin jujjuyawar. .
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-08-2024