Yayin da duniya ke ci gaba da neman dorewar hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai tsafta, hasken rana ya fito a matsayin sahun gaba a gasar neman kyakkyawar makoma.Yin amfani da makamashi mai yawa da sabuntawa na rana, tsarin hasken rana na photovoltaic (PV) ya sami karbuwa sosai, yana ba da hanyar samun sauyi mai ban mamaki a yadda muke samar da wutar lantarki. A zuciyar kowane tsarin PV na hasken rana ya ta'allaka ne da muhimmin sashi wanda ke ba da damar juyar da hasken rana zuwa makamashi mai amfani:hasken rana inverter.Aiki a matsayin gada tsakanin masu amfani da hasken rana da grid na lantarki, masu canza hasken rana suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ingantaccen amfani da hasken rana.Fahimtar ƙa'idar aikin su da bincika nau'ikan su daban-daban shine mabuɗin don fahimtar injiniyoyi masu ban sha'awa a bayan canjin makamashin rana. Hku ASolarInverterWOrk? Solar inverter wata na’ura ce ta lantarki da ke mayar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC) da masu amfani da hasken rana ke samarwa zuwa wutar lantarki mai canzawa (AC) da za a iya amfani da ita wajen sarrafa kayan amfanin gida da kuma ciyar da su cikin wutar lantarki.Ƙa'idar aiki na mai jujjuya hasken rana za a iya raba zuwa manyan matakai uku: juyawa, sarrafawa, da fitarwa. Juyawa: Mai jujjuya hasken rana ya fara karɓar wutar lantarkin DC da masu amfani da hasken rana ke samarwa.Wannan wutar lantarki ta DC galibi tana cikin nau'in jujjuyawar wutar lantarki wanda ya bambanta da tsananin hasken rana.Babban aikin injin inverter shine ya canza wannan madaidaicin wutar lantarki na DC zuwa tsayayyen wutar lantarkin AC wanda ya dace da amfani. Tsarin jujjuyawar ya ƙunshi maɓalli guda biyu: saitin na'urorin wutan lantarki (yawanci masu rufewa-ƙofa bipolar transistor ko IGBTs) da babban mai juyawa.Maɓallan suna da alhakin saurin kunna wutar lantarki na DC a kunne da kashewa, ƙirƙirar siginar bugun jini mai tsayi.Taransfomar sai ta tashi sama da wutar lantarki zuwa matakin da ake so. Sarrafa: Matsayin sarrafawa na inverter na hasken rana yana tabbatar da cewa tsarin juyawa yana aiki da kyau da aminci.Ya ƙunshi amfani da na'urorin sarrafawa na zamani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don saka idanu da daidaita sigogi daban-daban.Wasu mahimman ayyukan sarrafawa sun haɗa da: a.Matsakaicin Wutar Wuta (MPPT): Fayilolin hasken rana suna da mafi kyawun wurin aiki da ake kira matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki (MPP), inda suke samar da matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin hasken rana.Algorithm na MPPT yana ci gaba da daidaita wurin aiki na masu amfani da hasken rana don haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta hanyar bin MPP. b.Tsarin Wutar Lantarki da Ƙa'ida: Tsarin sarrafawa na inverter yana kula da tsayayyen wutar lantarki da mitar AC, yawanci yana bin ka'idodin grid mai amfani.Wannan yana tabbatar da dacewa tare da wasu na'urorin lantarki kuma yana ba da damar haɗin kai tare da grid. c.Aiki tare na Grid: Masu jujjuya hasken rana mai haɗin grid suna aiki tare da lokaci da mitar fitowar AC tare da grid mai amfani.Wannan aiki tare yana bawa mai juyawa damar ciyar da wuce gona da iri zuwa grid ko zana wuta daga grid lokacin da samar da hasken rana bai isa ba. Fitowa: A mataki na ƙarshe, mai canza hasken rana yana isar da wutar lantarkin AC da aka canza zuwa kayan wutan lantarki ko grid.Za a iya amfani da fitarwa ta hanyoyi biyu: a.On-Grid ko Grid-Tied Systems: A cikin tsarin da aka ɗaure, mai jujjuya hasken rana yana ciyar da wutar AC kai tsaye cikin grid mai amfani.Wannan yana rage dogaro ga masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta burbushin mai kuma yana ba da damar yin awo, inda za'a iya ƙididdige yawan wutar lantarki da ake samu a rana da kuma amfani da shi a lokacin ƙarancin samar da hasken rana. b.Kashe-Grid Systems: A cikin tsarin kashe-grid, mai canza hasken rana yana cajin bankin baturi baya ga samar da wuta ga lodin lantarki.Batirin yana adana makamashin hasken rana da ya wuce kima, wanda za a iya amfani da shi a lokacin ƙarancin samar da hasken rana ko da dare lokacin da hasken rana ba ya samar da wutar lantarki. Halayen Masu Inverters na Rana: inganci: An ƙera masu jujjuya hasken rana don aiki tare da babban inganci don haɓaka yawan kuzarin tsarin PV na hasken rana.Mafi girman inganci yana haifar da ƙarancin asarar makamashi yayin aiwatar da juyawa, tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da mafi girman kaso na makamashin hasken rana yadda ya kamata. Fitar Wuta: Ana samun inverters na hasken rana a cikin ƙimar wutar lantarki daban-daban, kama daga ƙananan tsarin zama zuwa manyan kayan aikin kasuwanci.Fitar da wutar lantarki na mai juyawa ya kamata a daidaita daidai da ƙarfin faifan hasken rana don cimma kyakkyawan aiki. Dorewa da Dogara: Masu jujjuya hasken rana suna fuskantar yanayi daban-daban na muhalli, gami da canjin yanayin zafi, zafi, da yuwuwar hawan wutar lantarki.Saboda haka, ya kamata a gina inverters tare da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi kuma an tsara su don tsayayya da waɗannan yanayi, tabbatar da aminci na dogon lokaci. Kulawa da Sadarwa: Yawancin masu canza hasken rana na zamani sun zo sanye da tsarin sa ido wanda ke ba masu amfani damar bin diddigin aikin tsarin PV na hasken rana.Wasu inverters kuma suna iya sadarwa tare da na'urori na waje da dandamali na software, suna ba da bayanan ainihin lokaci da ba da damar sa ido da sarrafawa ta nesa. Siffofin Tsaro: Masu jujjuya hasken rana sun haɗa fasalulluka na aminci daban-daban don kare tsarin duka da mutanen da ke aiki da shi.Waɗannan fasalulluka sun haɗa da kariyar wuce gona da iri, kariyar wuce gona da iri, gano kuskuren ƙasa, da kariyar ƙaƙƙarfan tsibiri, wanda ke hana inverter ciyar da wutar lantarki a cikin grid yayin katsewar wutar lantarki. Rarraba Inverter ta Rana ta Ƙimar Ƙarfi PV inverters, kuma aka sani da masu canza hasken rana, ana iya rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan daban-daban dangane da ƙira, aikinsu, da aikace-aikacen su.Fahimtar waɗannan rarrabuwa na iya taimakawa wajen zaɓar inverter mafi dacewa don takamaiman tsarin PV na hasken rana.Waɗannan su ne manyan nau'ikan inverters na PV waɗanda aka rarraba ta matakin ƙarfin: Inverter bisa ga matakin wutar lantarki: akasari zuwa rarraba inverter (string inverter & micro inverter), tsakiya inverter Juya Wutamasu: String inverters su ne mafi yawan amfani da nau'in inverters na PV a cikin na'urori masu zaman kansu da na kasuwanci na hasken rana, an tsara su don kula da bangarori masu yawa na hasken rana da aka haɗa a cikin jerin, suna samar da "string."The PV kirtani (1-5kw) ya zama mafi mashahuri inverter a cikin kasa da kasa kasuwa a zamanin yau ta hanyar inverter tare da iyakar ikon tracking a gefen DC da layi daya grid dangane a AC gefen. Wutar wutar lantarki ta DC da masu amfani da hasken rana ke samarwa ana ciyar da ita cikin na'urar inverter, wanda ke canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki ta AC don amfani da gaggawa ko don fitarwa zuwa grid.An san masu juyawa igiyoyi don sauƙi, ƙimar farashi, da sauƙin shigarwa.Koyaya, aikin gabaɗayan kirtani ya dogara ne akan mafi ƙarancin aiwatarwa, wanda zai iya tasiri ga ingantaccen tsarin gaba ɗaya. Micro inverters: Micro inverters ƙananan inverter ne waɗanda aka sanya akan kowane ɗayan rukunin hasken rana a cikin tsarin PV.Ba kamar masu canza igiyoyi ba, micro inverters suna canza wutar lantarki ta DC zuwa AC daidai a matakin panel.Wannan ƙira yana ba kowane kwamiti damar yin aiki da kansa, yana haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin tsarin gaba ɗaya.Micro inverters suna ba da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da matsakaicin matsakaicin matakin matakin panel (MPPT), ingantattun ayyukan tsarin a cikin inuwa ko bangaran da ba su dace da su ba, ƙarin aminci saboda ƙananan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC, da cikakken sa ido kan aikin kowane kwamiti.Koyaya, mafi girman farashi na gaba da yuwuwar rikitarwa na shigarwa sune abubuwan da yakamata suyi la'akari dasu. Matsakaicin Inverters: Masu jujjuyawar tsakiya, wanda kuma aka sani da manya ko sikelin mai amfani (> 10kW), ana amfani da su a cikin manyan kayan aikin PV na hasken rana, kamar gonakin hasken rana ko ayyukan hasken rana na kasuwanci.An ƙera waɗannan inverter don ɗaukar manyan abubuwan shigar da wutar lantarki na DC daga igiyoyi da yawa ko tsararrun fale-falen hasken rana da canza su zuwa wutar AC don haɗin grid. Babban fasalin shine babban iko da ƙarancin tsarin tsarin, amma tunda ƙarfin fitarwa da na yanzu na igiyoyin PV daban-daban sau da yawa ba su dace da daidai ba (musamman lokacin da igiyoyin PV suna ɗan inuwa saboda girgije, inuwa, tabo, da sauransu). , Yin amfani da inverter na tsakiya zai haifar da ƙananan tasiri na tsarin juyawa da ƙananan makamashi na gida. Masu jujjuyawar tsakiya yawanci suna da ƙarfin ƙarfi mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan, kama daga kilowatts da yawa zuwa megawatts da yawa.Ana shigar da su a tsakiyar wuri ko tashar inverter, kuma ana haɗa igiyoyi da yawa ko tsararrun fanatocin hasken rana da su a layi daya. Menene Inverter Solar Ke Yi? Masu juyawa na Photovoltaic suna aiki da ayyuka da yawa, gami da jujjuyawar AC, haɓaka aikin ƙwayoyin rana, da kariyar tsarin.Waɗannan ayyuka sun haɗa da aiki ta atomatik da kashewa, matsakaicin ikon bin diddigin wutar lantarki, ƙaƙƙarfan tsibiri (don tsarin haɗin grid), daidaitawar wutar lantarki ta atomatik (don tsarin haɗin grid), gano DC (na tsarin haɗin grid), da gano ƙasa na DC don tsarin haɗin grid).Bari mu ɗan bincika aikin atomatik da aikin kashewa da matsakaicin aikin sarrafa ikon sa ido. 1) Aiki ta atomatik da aikin kashewa Bayan fitowar rana da safe, ƙarfin hasken rana yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma fitowar ƙwayoyin rana yana ƙaruwa daidai da haka.Lokacin da ƙarfin fitarwa da ake buƙata ta inverter ya isa, mai inverter yana farawa ta atomatik.Bayan shigar da aikin, injin inverter zai rika lura da abubuwan da ke fitar da abubuwan da ke amfani da hasken rana a kowane lokaci, matukar karfin fitar da abubuwan da ke cikin hasken rana ya fi karfin da ake bukata, injin inverter zai ci gaba da aiki;har faduwar rana ta tsaya, ko da ruwa ne mai inverter shima yana aiki.Lokacin da fitowar tantanin hasken rana ya zama ƙarami kuma fitarwa na inverter yana kusa da 0, mai inverter zai samar da yanayin jiran aiki. 2) Matsakaicin aikin sarrafa ikon sa ido Fitowar samfurin salular hasken rana ya bambanta da ƙarfin hasken rana da kuma yanayin zafin na'urar tantanin rana da kanta (zazzabi guntu).Bugu da ƙari, saboda tsarin tsarin hasken rana yana da halayyar cewa ƙarfin lantarki yana raguwa tare da karuwa na halin yanzu, don haka akwai wurin aiki mafi kyau wanda zai iya samun iyakar iko.Ƙarfin hasken rana yana canzawa, tabbas mafi kyawun wurin aiki shima yana canzawa.Dangane da waɗannan sauye-sauye, wurin aiki na tsarin hasken rana yana koyaushe a matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kuma tsarin koyaushe yana samun matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki daga tsarin hasken rana.Irin wannan iko shine mafi girman iko na bin diddigin iko.Babban fasalin injin inverter da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana shine aikin madaidaicin ikon sa ido (MPPT). Babban Manufofin Fasaha na Inverter Photovoltaic 1. Kwanciyar ƙarfin fitarwa A cikin tsarin photovoltaic, makamashin lantarki da ke haifar da tantanin hasken rana ana fara adana shi ta baturi, sannan a canza shi zuwa 220V ko 380V mai canzawa ta hanyar inverter.Koyaya, cajin baturi da fitarwa yana shafar baturin, kuma ƙarfin fitar da shi yana bambanta a cikin babban kewayon.Misali, baturin 12V na ƙima yana da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki wanda zai iya bambanta tsakanin 10.8 da 14.4V (bayan wannan kewayon na iya haifar da lalacewa ga baturin).Ga ƙwararren inverter, lokacin da wutar lantarki ta tashar shigarwa ta canza a cikin wannan kewayon, bambancin ƙarfin fitarwar sa na tsaye bai kamata ya wuce Plusmn ba;5% na ƙimar ƙima.A lokaci guda, lokacin da kaya ya canza ba zato ba tsammani, ƙimar ƙarfin fitarwar sa bai kamata ya wuce ± 10% akan ƙimar da aka ƙima ba. 2. Waveform murdiya na fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki Don masu jujjuya kalaman sine, yakamata a fayyace madaidaicin juzu'i mai izni (ko abun ciki mai jituwa).Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana shi ta jimlar murdiya ta hanyar igiyar ruwa na ƙarfin fitarwa, kuma ƙimarsa kada ta wuce 5% (an yarda da 10% don fitowar lokaci ɗaya).Tun da babban tsari na jituwa halin yanzu fitarwa ta inverter zai haifar da ƙarin asara kamar eddy igiyoyin a kan inductive load, idan waveform murdiya na inverter ya yi girma, zai haifar da tsanani dumama na kaya aka gyara, wanda ba conducive. amincin kayan aikin lantarki kuma yana shafar tsarin sosai.ingancin aiki. 3. Mitar fitarwa mai ƙima Domin lodi ciki har da Motors, kamar wanki, firiji, da dai sauransu, tun da mafi kyau duka mitar aiki batu na motors ne 50Hz, ma girma ko da ƙananan mitoci zai sa kayan aiki zafi sama, rage da tsarin na aiki yadda ya dace da kuma rayuwar sabis. don haka inverter's Mitar fitarwa yakamata ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ƙima, yawanci mitar wutar lantarki 50Hz, kuma karkacewar sa ya kasance cikin Plusmn;l% ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. 4. Load ikon factor Siffata ikon inverter tare da inductive load ko capacitive load.Matsakaicin ƙarfin nauyi na inverter sine wave shine 0.7 ~ 0.9, kuma ƙimar ƙima shine 0.9.A cikin yanayin wani ƙarfin nauyi, idan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na inverter ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, ƙarfin inverter da ake buƙata zai ƙaru.A gefe guda, farashin zai karu, kuma a lokaci guda, ikon da aka bayyana na da'irar AC na tsarin photovoltaic zai karu.Yayin da halin yanzu ya karu, babu makawa asarar za ta karu, kuma ingancin tsarin kuma zai ragu. 5. Inverter inganci Ingantattun inverter yana nufin rabon ƙarfin fitarwa zuwa ikon shigarwa ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden yanayin aiki, wanda aka bayyana azaman kashi.Gabaɗaya, ƙimar ƙima na inverter na hotovoltaic yana nufin nauyin juriya mai tsafta.A karkashin yanayin 80% load s dace.Tun da yawan kuɗin da ake amfani da shi na tsarin hoto yana da girma, ingancin inverter na photovoltaic ya kamata a kara girmansa don rage yawan farashin tsarin da kuma inganta aikin farashi na tsarin photovoltaic.A halin yanzu, ingantaccen inverters na yau da kullun yana tsakanin 80% da 95%, kuma ana buƙatar ingantaccen inverters masu ƙarancin ƙarfi kada ya zama ƙasa da 85%.A cikin ainihin tsarin ƙirar tsarin tsarin hoto, ba wai kawai ya kamata a zaɓi inverter mai inganci ba, amma kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da madaidaicin tsari na tsarin don yin nauyin nauyin tsarin hoto ya yi aiki a kusa da mafi kyawun tasiri kamar yadda zai yiwu. . 6. Rated fitarwa halin yanzu (ko rated fitarwa iya aiki) Yana nuna ƙimar fitarwa na halin yanzu na inverter a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon ikon kaya.Wasu samfuran inverter suna ba da ƙarfin fitarwa da aka ƙididdige, kuma ana bayyana naúrar sa a cikin VA ko kVA.Ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige na inverter shine samfurin ƙarfin fitarwa da aka ƙididdigewa da ƙimar fitarwa na yanzu lokacin da ƙarfin fitarwa ya kasance 1 (wato, nauyin juriya zalla). 7. Matakan kariya Mai jujjuyawar da ke da kyakkyawan aiki ya kamata kuma ya kasance yana da cikakkun ayyuka na kariya ko matakan da za su magance yanayi daban-daban na rashin daidaituwa da ke faruwa yayin amfani da gaske, ta yadda zai kare mai jujjuyawar kanta da sauran sassan tsarin daga lalacewa. 1) Shigar da asusun inshora mara ƙarfi: Lokacin da ƙarfin shigarwar tasha ya yi ƙasa da 85% na ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki, inverter ya kamata ya sami kariya da nunawa. 2) Mai kariyar wuce gona da iri: Lokacin da ƙarfin shigarwar tasha ya fi 130% na ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki, inverter ya kamata ya sami kariya da nunawa. 3) Kariyar wuce gona da iri: Kariyar da ta wuce kima na inverter ya kamata ya sami damar tabbatar da aikin da ya dace lokacin da nauyin ya yi gajere ko kuma na yanzu ya wuce ƙimar da aka yarda, don hana shi lalacewa ta hanyar hawan hawan.Lokacin da halin yanzu aiki ya wuce 150% na ƙimar ƙima, mai juyawa ya kamata ya iya kare kai tsaye. 4) fitarwa gajeriyar kariya ta kewaye Lokacin aikin kariyar gajeriyar kewayawa na inverter kada ya wuce 0.5s. 5) Kariyar jujjuyawar shigar da bayanai: Lokacin da aka juyar da sanduna masu inganci da mara kyau na tashar shigarwar, mai juyawa ya kamata ya sami aikin kariya da nuni. 6) Kariyar walƙiya: Mai inverter ya kamata ya sami kariya ta walƙiya. 7) Kariyar yawan zafin jiki, da dai sauransu. Bugu da kari, ga inverters ba tare da matakan daidaita wutar lantarki ba, mai inverter shima ya kamata ya sami matakan kariya daga wuce gona da iri don kare kaya daga lalatawar wutar lantarki. 8. Halayen farawa Don kwatanta ikon inverter don farawa tare da kaya da aikin yayin aiki mai ƙarfi.Mai jujjuyawar ya kamata ya tabbatar da abin dogaron farawa a ƙarƙashin ƙimar ƙimar. 9. Surutu Abubuwan da aka haɗa kamar su tasfotoci, masu tacewa, masu sauya wutar lantarki da magoya baya a cikin kayan lantarki za su haifar da hayaniya.Lokacin da inverter ke gudana akai-akai, kada muryarsa ta wuce 80dB, kuma karar ƙaramin inverter kada ta wuce 65dB. Zabi Ƙwarewar Masu Inverter na Solar
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-08-2024