Nan da 2024, haɓakar kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta duniya ya haifar da fahimtar mahimmancin ƙimar a hankalitsarin ajiyar makamashin baturia kasuwanni daban-daban, musamman a kasuwar makamashin hasken rana, wanda sannu a hankali ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na grid. Saboda yanayin ɗan lokaci na makamashin rana, wadatar sa ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma tsarin ajiyar makamashin batir yana iya samar da ƙa'idodin mitar, ta yadda za a daidaita aikin grid yadda ya kamata. A ci gaba, na'urorin ajiyar makamashi za su taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da ƙarfin kololuwa da kuma jinkirta buƙatar saka hannun jari mai tsada a cikin rarrabawa, watsawa, da samar da kayan aiki.
Farashin tsarin adana makamashin hasken rana da na baturi ya ragu sosai cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. A cikin kasuwanni da yawa, aikace-aikacen makamashin da ake sabuntawa sannu a hankali suna lalata gasa na kasusuwan burbushin gargajiya da na makamashin nukiliya. Ganin cewa a da an yi imanin cewa samar da makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa yana da tsada sosai, a yau farashin wasu hanyoyin samar da makamashin burbushin ya fi tsadar samar da makamashin.
Bugu da kari,hadewar hasken rana + wuraren ajiya na iya ba da wutar lantarki ga grid, wanda ya maye gurbin aikin masana'antar sarrafa iskar gas. Tare da farashin saka hannun jari na wuraren wutar lantarki da hasken rana ya ragu sosai kuma babu farashin mai da aka samu a duk tsawon rayuwarsu, haɗin gwiwar ya riga ya samar da makamashi a farashi mai rahusa fiye da tushen makamashi na gargajiya. Lokacin da aka haɗa kayan aikin hasken rana tare da tsarin ajiyar baturi, ana iya amfani da ƙarfinsu na wasu lokuta na musamman, kuma saurin amsawar batirin yana ba da damar ayyukan su don amsawa da sassauƙa ga buƙatun kasuwannin iya aiki da kasuwar sabis na tallafi.
A halin yanzu,Batirin lithium-ion bisa fasahar lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) sun mamaye kasuwar ajiyar makamashi.Ana amfani da waɗannan batura don ko'ina saboda babban amincin su, tsawon rayuwar su da ingantaccen yanayin zafi. Ko da yake yawan makamashi nalithium iron phosphate baturaya ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan fiye da na sauran nau'ikan batirin lithium, har yanzu sun sami babban ci gaba ta hanyar inganta hanyoyin samarwa, haɓaka haɓakar masana'anta da rage farashi. Ana sa ran nan da shekara ta 2030, farashin batirin lithium iron phosphate zai kara raguwa, yayin da gogayyarsu a kasuwar ajiyar makamashi za ta ci gaba da karuwa.
Tare da saurin haɓakar buƙatun motocin lantarki,tsarin ajiyar makamashi na zama, C&I makamashi stroage tsarinda manyan tsarin ajiyar makamashi mai girma, fa'idodin batirin Li-FePO4 dangane da farashi, rayuwa da aminci sun sa su zama abin dogaro. Yayin da maƙasudin yawan kuzarinsa bazai yi mahimmanci kamar na sauran batura masu sinadarai ba, fa'idodinsa cikin aminci da tsawon rai suna ba shi wuri a yanayin aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar dogaro na dogon lokaci.
Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su Lokacin Aiwatar da Kayan Ajiye Makamashin Baturi
Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a yi la'akari da su lokacin tura kayan ajiyar makamashi. Ƙarfi da tsawon lokacin tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi ya dogara da manufarsa a cikin aikin. An ƙaddara manufar aikin ta hanyar ƙimar tattalin arziki. Darajar tattalin arzikinta ya dogara da kasuwar da tsarin ajiyar makamashi ke shiga. Wannan kasuwa a ƙarshe yana ƙayyade yadda baturin zai rarraba makamashi, caji ko fitarwa, da tsawon lokacin da zai kasance. Don haka iko da tsawon lokacin baturi ba wai kawai ƙayyade farashin saka hannun jari na tsarin ajiyar makamashi ba, har ma da rayuwar aiki.
Tsarin caji da fitar da tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi zai yi riba a wasu kasuwanni. A wasu lokuta, ana buƙatar kuɗin caji kawai, kuma farashin caji shine farashin gudanar da kasuwancin ajiyar makamashi. Adadin da adadin cajin ba daidai yake da adadin cajin ba.
Misali, a cikin ma'ajin ma'ajin makamashi na hasken rana+, ko a aikace-aikacen tsarin ajiya na gefen abokin ciniki da ke amfani da makamashin hasken rana, tsarin ajiyar baturi yana amfani da wutar lantarki daga wurin samar da hasken rana don samun cancantar samun kuɗin harajin saka hannun jari (ITCs). Misali, akwai nuances ga manufar biyan kuɗi don tsarin ajiyar makamashi a cikin Ƙungiyoyin watsawa na Yanki (RTOs). A cikin misalin kuɗin harajin saka hannun jari (ITC), tsarin ajiyar baturi yana ƙara ƙimar daidaiton aikin, ta haka yana ƙara yawan dawowar mai gida. A cikin misalin PJM, tsarin ajiyar baturi yana biyan kuɗi da caji, don haka biyan kuɗin da aka biya ya yi daidai da abin da ake amfani da shi na lantarki.
Da alama ba daidai ba ne a faɗi cewa ƙarfi da tsawon lokacin baturi suna ƙayyade tsawon rayuwarsa. Abubuwa da yawa kamar ƙarfi, tsawon lokaci, da tsawon rayuwa sun sa fasahar ajiyar batir ta bambanta da sauran fasahar makamashi. A tsakiyar tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi shine baturi. Kamar ƙwayoyin hasken rana, kayan su suna raguwa a tsawon lokaci, suna rage aiki. Kwayoyin hasken rana suna rasa fitarwar wutar lantarki da inganci, yayin da lalacewar baturi ke haifar da asarar ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi.Yayin da tsarin hasken rana zai iya ɗaukar shekaru 20-25, tsarin ajiyar baturi yawanci yana ɗaukar shekaru 10 zuwa 15 kawai.
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da farashin sauyawa da sauyawa don kowane aiki. Yiwuwar maye gurbin ya dogara da kayan aikin aikin da yanayin da ke tattare da aikinsa.
Manyan abubuwa guda hudu da ke haifar da raguwar aikin batir su ne?
- Yanayin aiki baturi
- Batirin halin yanzu
- Matsakaicin yanayin cajin baturi (SOC)
- The 'oscillation' na matsakaicin yanayin cajin baturi (SOC), watau, tazarar matsakaicin yanayin cajin baturi (SOC) wanda baturin yake cikin mafi yawan lokaci. Abubuwa na uku da na hudu suna da alaka.
Akwai dabaru guda biyu don sarrafa rayuwar baturi a cikin aikin.Dabarar farko ita ce rage girman baturi idan aikin yana samun tallafi da kudaden shiga da kuma rage farashin da aka tsara na gaba. A cikin kasuwanni da yawa, kudaden shiga da aka tsara na iya tallafawa farashin canji na gaba. Gabaɗaya, ana buƙatar yin la’akari da raguwar farashi na gaba a cikin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa yayin ƙididdige farashin canji na gaba, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙwarewar kasuwa a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata. Dabarar ta biyu ita ce ƙara girman baturi don rage yawan halin yanzu (ko C-rate, wanda aka siffanta shi azaman caji ko fitarwa a cikin awa ɗaya) ta aiwatar da sel masu daidaitawa. Ƙarƙashin caji da fitar da igiyoyin ruwa suna haifar da ƙananan yanayin zafi tun lokacin da baturin ke haifar da zafi yayin caji da caji. Idan akwai ƙarfin da ya wuce kima a cikin tsarin ajiyar baturi kuma ana amfani da ƙarancin kuzari, adadin caji da fitar da baturin zai ragu kuma zai ƙara tsawon rayuwarsa.
Cajin baturi/fitarwa shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci.Masana'antar kera kera yawanci suna amfani da 'cycles' azaman ma'aunin rayuwar batir. A cikin aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi na tsaye, batir suna da yuwuwar za a iya hawan keken wani ɗan keke, ma'ana ƙila a yi cajin su ko wani ɗan lokaci, tare da kowane caji da fitarwa ba su isa ba.
Akwai Makamashin Batir.Aikace-aikacen tsarin ajiyar makamashi na iya kewaya ƙasa da sau ɗaya a rana kuma, dangane da aikace-aikacen kasuwa, na iya wuce wannan awo. Don haka, ma'aikata yakamata su tantance rayuwar batir ta hanyar tantance abubuwan da batir ke fitarwa.
Rayuwar Na'urar Ajiye Makamashi da Tabbatarwa
Gwajin na'urar ajiyar makamashi ta ƙunshi manyan wurare biyu.Na farko, gwajin ƙwayoyin baturi yana da mahimmanci don tantance rayuwar tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi.Gwajin ƙwayoyin baturi yana bayyana ƙarfi da raunin ƙwayoyin baturi kuma yana taimaka wa masu aiki su fahimci yadda yakamata a haɗa batura cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi da ko wannan haɗin kai ya dace.
Jeri da daidaitattun jeri na sel baturi suna taimakawa fahimtar yadda tsarin baturi ke aiki da yadda aka tsara shi.Kwayoyin baturi da aka haɗa a cikin jerin suna ba da damar tara ƙarfin baturi, wanda ke nufin cewa tsarin ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin baturi mai nau'in baturi masu haɗaka da yawa yana daidai da irin ƙarfin lantarki na baturi ɗaya wanda aka ninka da adadin sel. Gine-ginen batir masu haɗin jerin suna ba da fa'idodin farashi, amma kuma suna da wasu rashin amfani. Lokacin da aka haɗa batura a jere, sel guda ɗaya suna zana halin yanzu iri ɗaya da fakitin baturi. Misali, idan daya tantanin halitta yana da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na 1V da matsakaicin halin yanzu na 1A, to, sel guda 10 a cikin jerin suna da matsakaicin ƙarfin 10V, amma har yanzu suna da matsakaicin matsakaicin halin yanzu na 1A, don jimlar ƙarfin 10V * 1A = 10W. Lokacin da aka haɗa shi cikin jerin, tsarin baturi yana fuskantar ƙalubale na saka idanu na wutar lantarki. Ana iya yin sa ido kan wutar lantarki akan fakitin baturi masu haɗin kai don rage farashi, amma yana da wahala a gano lalacewa ko lalata ƙarfin sel ɗaya.
A gefe guda kuma, batura masu layi ɗaya suna ba da damar tarawa na yanzu, wanda ke nufin cewa ƙarfin lantarki na fakitin baturi daidai yake da ƙarfin lantarki ɗaya ɗaya kuma tsarin halin yanzu yana daidai da ɗayan tantanin halitta wanda aka ninka da adadin sel a layi daya. Misali, idan aka yi amfani da batir 1V, 1A iri daya, ana iya haɗa batura biyu a layi daya, wanda zai yanke na yanzu cikin rabi, sannan a haɗa nau'i-nau'i 10 na batura masu kama da juna a jere don cimma 10V a ƙarfin lantarki na 1V da 1A halin yanzu. , amma wannan ya fi kowa a cikin daidaitaccen tsari.
Wannan bambanci tsakanin jeri da hanyoyin layi ɗaya na haɗin baturi yana da mahimmanci yayin la'akari da garantin ƙarfin baturi ko manufofin garanti. Abubuwan da ke biyowa suna gudana ta hanyar matsayi kuma a ƙarshe suna shafar rayuwar baturi:Siffofin kasuwaDon haka, ƙarfin rubutun sunan baturi ba nuni ba ne cewa gina jiki na iya kasancewa a cikin tsarin ajiyar baturi. Kasancewar gini yana da mahimmanci ga garantin baturi, saboda yana ƙayyade halin yanzu baturi da zafin jiki (zazzabi na tantanin halitta a cikin kewayon SOC), yayin da aikin yau da kullun zai ƙayyade rayuwar baturi.
Gwajin tsarin haɗin gwiwa ne ga gwajin ƙwayoyin baturi kuma galibi ya fi dacewa da buƙatun aikin da ke nuna aikin da ya dace na tsarin baturi.
Domin cika yarjejeniya, masana'antun batir na ajiyar makamashi yawanci suna haɓaka masana'anta ko ƙa'idodin ƙaddamar da filin don tabbatar da tsarin aiki da tsarin aiki, amma maiyuwa baya magance haɗarin aikin tsarin baturi wanda ya wuce rayuwar baturi. Tattaunawa gama gari game da ƙaddamar da filin shine yanayin gwajin ƙarfin aiki da ko sun dace da aikace-aikacen tsarin baturi.
Muhimmancin Gwajin Baturi
Bayan DNV GL ta gwada baturi, ana shigar da bayanan cikin katin aikin baturi na shekara-shekara, wanda ke ba da bayanai mai zaman kansa ga masu siyan tsarin baturi. Katin maki yana nuna yadda baturin ke amsa yanayin aikace-aikacen guda huɗu: zazzabi, halin yanzu, yanayin caji (SOC) da ma'anar yanayin caji (SOC).
Gwajin yana kwatanta aikin baturi zuwa tsarin sa na jeri-daidaitacce, iyakancewar tsarin, halin caji/cajin kasuwa da aikin kasuwa. Wannan keɓantaccen sabis ɗin yana tabbatar da kansa cewa masana'antun batir suna da alhakin kuma suna tantance garantin su daidai don masu tsarin baturi su iya yin ƙima na faɗakarwa game da haɗarinsu na fasaha.
Zaɓin Mai Bayar da Kayan Ajiye Makamashi
Don gane hangen nesa na ajiyar baturi,zaɓin mai kaya yana da mahimmanci- don haka yin aiki tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙalubalen masu amfani da dama da dama shine mafi kyawun girke-girke don nasarar aikin. Zaɓin mai ba da tsarin ajiyar batir ya kamata ya tabbatar da cewa tsarin ya cika ka'idodin takaddun shaida na duniya. Misali, an gwada tsarin ajiyar baturi daidai da UL9450A kuma ana samun rahotannin gwaji don dubawa. Duk wasu ƙayyadaddun buƙatun wurin, kamar ƙarin gano wuta da karewa ko samun iska, ƙila ba za a haɗa su cikin samfuran tushe na masana'anta ba kuma ana buƙatar lakafta su azaman ƙara da ake buƙata.
A taƙaice, za a iya amfani da na'urorin ajiyar makamashi na sikelin mai amfani don samar da ma'ajin makamashin lantarki da goyan bayan ma'auni, buƙatu kololuwa, da hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da waɗannan tsarin a wurare da yawa inda tsarin burbushin mai da/ko haɓakawa na al'ada ake ɗaukar rashin inganci, mara amfani ko tsada. Abubuwa da yawa na iya yin tasiri ga nasarar ci gaban irin waɗannan ayyukan da ƙarfin kuɗin su.
Yana da mahimmanci a yi aiki tare da abin dogara mai kera ajiyar baturi.BSLBATT Energy shine jagorar kasuwa na samar da mafita na ajiyar baturi mai hankali, ƙira, ƙira da isar da ingantattun hanyoyin injiniya don aikace-aikacen ƙwararru. Hangen kamfanin yana mai da hankali ne kan taimaka wa abokan ciniki su warware matsalolin makamashi na musamman waɗanda ke shafar kasuwancin su, kuma ƙwarewar BSLBATT na iya ba da cikakkiyar mafita na musamman don cimma burin abokin ciniki.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-28-2024