Mitundu ya Ma Inverters Osungira Mphamvu Njira yaukadaulo yosinthira magetsi osungira mphamvu: pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zophatikizira DC ndi kuphatikiza kwa AC PV yosungirako, kuphatikizapo ma modules a dzuwa, olamulira, inverters, mabatire a lithiamu kunyumba, katundu ndi zipangizo zina. Pakadali pano,ma inverters osungira mphamvumakamaka njira ziwiri zaukadaulo: kulumikizana kwa DC ndi kulumikizana kwa AC. Kulumikizana kwa AC kapena DC kumatanthawuza momwe ma solar amalumikizidwa kapena kulumikizidwa ndi kosungirako kapena makina a batri. Mtundu wolumikizana pakati pa ma module a solar ndi mabatire amatha kukhala AC kapena DC. Mabwalo ambiri amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya DC, yokhala ndi gawo la solar lomwe limatulutsa mphamvu ya DC komanso batire yosunga mphamvu ya DC, komabe zida zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya AC. 
Hybrid Solar System + Energy Storage System Hybrid solar inverter + makina osungira mphamvu, komwe mphamvu ya DC yochokera ku ma module a PV imasungidwa, kudzera pa chowongolera, mubanki ya batri ya lithiamu yakunyumba, ndipo gululi imathanso kulipiritsa batire kudzera pa chosinthira cha DC-AC cha bi-directional. Malo osinthira mphamvu ali kumbali ya batri ya DC. Masana, mphamvu ya PV imaperekedwa koyamba ku katunduyo, ndiyeno batri ya kunyumba ya lithiamu imayendetsedwa ndi wolamulira wa MPPT, ndipo njira yosungiramo mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu imagwirizanitsidwa ndi gridi, kuti mphamvu yowonjezera igwirizane ndi gridi; usiku, batire imatulutsidwa ku katundu, ndipo kusowa kumawonjezeredwa ndi gridi; pamene gululi ili kunja, mphamvu ya PV ndi batri la lithiamu kunyumba zimangoperekedwa ku katundu wa gridi, ndipo katundu pamapeto a gululi sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mphamvu yolemetsa ili yaikulu kuposa mphamvu ya PV, gululi ndi PV zimatha kupereka mphamvu ku katundu nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa ngakhale mphamvu ya PV kapena mphamvu yolemetsa imakhala yokhazikika, imadalira batri ya kunyumba ya lithiamu kuti igwirizane ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosololi limathandiziranso wogwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa nthawi yolipirira ndi kutulutsa kuti akwaniritse zofuna zamagetsi za wogwiritsa ntchito. DC coupling system ntchito mfundo 
Inverter ya hybrid imakhala ndi ntchito yophatikizika ya gridi kuti ipititse patsogolo kuyendetsa bwino. Ma inverter okhala ndi ma gridi amazimitsa okha magetsi ku solar solar system panthawi yamagetsi pazifukwa zachitetezo. Komano, ma Hybrid inverters, amathandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa gridi ndi grid, kotero mphamvu imakhalapo ngakhale pakutha kwamagetsi. Ma Hybrid inverters amathandizira kuwunikira mphamvu, kulola kuti deta yofunikira monga magwiridwe antchito ndi kupanga mphamvu ziwunikidwe kudzera pagulu la inverter kapena zida zolumikizidwa zanzeru. Ngati makinawo ali ndi ma inverters awiri, ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosiyana. Kulumikizana kwa dC kumachepetsa kutayika mu kutembenuka kwa AC-DC. Kutha kwa batri kuli pafupifupi 95-99%, pomwe kuphatikiza kwa AC ndi 90%. Ma Hybrid inverters ndi azachuma, ophatikizika komanso osavuta kukhazikitsa. Kuyika inverter yatsopano ya hybrid yokhala ndi mabatire ophatikizana a DC kungakhale kotsika mtengo kuposa kubwezeretsanso mabatire ophatikizana a AC ku dongosolo lomwe lilipo chifukwa chowongolera ndichotsika mtengo kuposa cholumikizira cholumikizidwa ndi grid, switch switch ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa kabati yogawa, ndipo DC -Coupled solution ikhoza kupangidwa kukhala inverter yowongolera zonse, kupulumutsa ndalama zonse za zida ndi ndalama zoyika. Makamaka pamakina ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati amagetsi opanda gridi, makina ophatikizana a DC ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Inverter yosakanizidwa ndiyomwe imakhala yokhazikika kwambiri ndipo ndiyosavuta kuwonjezera zida zatsopano ndi zowongolera, ndipo zida zowonjezera zitha kuwonjezeredwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zotsika mtengo za DC. Ma hybrid inverters amapangidwa kuti aphatikizire kusungirako nthawi iliyonse, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwonjezera mabanki a batri. Dongosolo la hybrid inverter ndi lophatikizika kwambiri ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito ma cell amphamvu kwambiri, okhala ndi zingwe zazing'ono komanso zotayika zochepa. 
DC coupling system kapangidwe kake 
AC coupling system kapangidwe Komabe, ma hybrid solar inverters ndi osayenera kukweza ma solar omwe alipo ndipo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuyika makina apamwamba kwambiri. Ngati kasitomala akufuna kukweza ma solar omwe alipo kuti aphatikizire batire ya kunyumba ya lithiamu, kusankha chosinthira cha hybrid solar kungayambitse zovuta. Mosiyana ndi izi, inverter ya batri ikhoza kukhala yotsika mtengo, popeza kusankha kukhazikitsa hybrid solar inverter kungafune kukonzanso kwathunthu komanso kokwera mtengo kwa dongosolo lonse la solar panel. Makina apamwamba amagetsi ndi ovuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa ndipo amatha kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa olamulira okwera kwambiri. Ngati mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masana, pamakhala kuchepa pang'ono chifukwa cha DC (PV) kupita ku DC (batt) kupita ku AC. 
Coupled Solar System + Energy Storage System Coupled PV + Storage system, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti AC retrofit PV + Storage system, imatha kuzindikira kuti mphamvu ya DC yochokera ku ma module a PV imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya AC ndi inverter yolumikizidwa ndi grid, kenako mphamvu yochulukirapo imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya DC ndikusungidwa batire ndi AC kuphatikiza yosungirako inverter. Malo osinthira mphamvu ali kumapeto kwa AC. Zimaphatikizapo photovoltaic power supply system ndi lithiamu home battery power supply system. Dongosolo la photovoltaic lili ndi gulu la photovoltaic ndi inverter yolumikizidwa ndi gridi, pomwe lithiamu yanyumba ya batri yanyumba imakhala ndi banki ya batri ndi inverter ya bi-directional. Machitidwe awiriwa amatha kugwira ntchito pawokha popanda kusokonezana kapena akhoza kupatulidwa ndi gululi kuti apange microgrid system. AC coupling system ntchito mfundo 
Makina ophatikizika a AC ndi 100% ogwirizana ndi gridi, osavuta kukhazikitsa komanso okulitsidwa mosavuta. Zigawo zokhazikika zapanyumba zilipo, ndipo makina akuluakulu (2kW mpaka MW) amatha kukulitsidwa mosavuta kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi ma seti a jenereta omangidwa ndi gululi (ma seti a dizilo, ma turbine amphepo, ndi zina). Ma inverter a solar ambiri pamwamba pa 3kW amakhala ndi zolowetsa zapawiri za MPPT, kotero kuti mapanelo azingwe azitali amatha kukhazikitsidwa mosiyanasiyana komanso mopendekeka. Pamagetsi apamwamba a DC, kuphatikiza kwa AC ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta kukhazikitsa makina akulu kuposa ma DC ophatikizana omwe amafunikira owongolera ma MPPT angapo, motero ndi otsika mtengo. Kulumikizana kwa AC ndikoyenera kukonzanso dongosolo ndipo kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri masana ndi katundu wa AC. Makina a PV olumikizidwa ndi gridi omwe alipo amatha kusinthidwa kukhala makina osungira mphamvu ndi ndalama zotsika mtengo. Ikhoza kupereka mphamvu zotetezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pamene gululi lamagetsi latha. Imagwirizana ndi makina a PV olumikizidwa ndi gridi a opanga osiyanasiyana. Makina ophatikizira apamwamba a AC nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina akuluakulu akunja kwa gridi ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma inverter a solar ophatikizika ndi ma inverter amitundu yambiri kapena ma inverter/chaja kuti asamalire mabatire ndi grid/jenereta. Ngakhale ndizosavuta komanso zamphamvu kukhazikitsa, ndizochepa pang'ono (90-94%) pamabatire ochapira poyerekeza ndi makina ophatikizana a DC (98%). Komabe, machitidwewa amagwira ntchito bwino akamayendetsa katundu wambiri wa AC masana, kufika 97% kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo ena amatha kukulitsidwa ndi ma inverter angapo a solar kuti apange ma microgrid. Kulipiritsa kophatikizana ndi AC ndikocheperako komanso kokwera mtengo pamakina ang'onoang'ono. Mphamvu yolowa mu batire mu AC coupling iyenera kutembenuzidwa kawiri, ndipo pamene wogwiritsa ntchito ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, iyenera kutembenuzidwanso, ndikuwonjezera zotayika zambiri ku dongosolo. Zotsatira zake, mphamvu yolumikizira ya AC imatsika mpaka 85-90% mukamagwiritsa ntchito batri. Ma inverters ophatikizana a AC ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri pamakina ang'onoang'ono. 
Off-grid Solar System + Energy Storage System Off-grid solar system+ makina osungira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma module a PV, batire yanyumba ya lithiamu, inverter yosungiramo grid, katundu ndi jenereta ya dizilo. Dongosololi limatha kuzindikira kuyitanitsa batire mwachindunji ndi PV kudzera pakusintha kwa DC-DC, kapena kutembenuza kwa bi-directional DC-AC pakulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa batire. Masana, mphamvu ya PV imaperekedwa koyamba ku katunduyo, kenako ndikulipiritsa batire; usiku, batire imatulutsidwa ku katundu, ndipo pamene batiri silikwanira, jenereta ya dizilo imaperekedwa kwa katunduyo. Itha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi tsiku lililonse m'malo opanda gridi. Zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma jenereta a dizilo kuti azipereka katundu kapena mabatire opangira. Ma inverters ambiri osungiramo magetsi omwe ali kunja kwa gridi samatsimikiziridwa kuti amalumikizidwa ndi gridi, ngakhale dongosololi lili ndi gridi, silingathe kulumikizidwa. Zochitika Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito za Magetsi Osungirako Mphamvu Ma inverters osungira mphamvu ali ndi maudindo akuluakulu atatu, kuphatikiza kuwongolera nsonga, mphamvu yoyimilira ndi mphamvu yodziyimira pawokha. Ndi dera, chiwongoladzanja ndichofunika ku Ulaya, tengani Germany monga chitsanzo, mtengo wamagetsi ku Germany wafika $ 0,46 / kWh mu 2023, ndikuyika patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, German magetsi mitengo kupitiriza kukwera, ndi PV / PV yosungirako LCOE yekha 10.2 / 15.5 masenti pa digiri, 78% / 66% m'munsi kuposa zogona mitengo magetsi, zogona magetsi magetsi ndi PV yosungirako mtengo wa magetsi pakati kusiyana zidzapitiriza kukula. Kugawa ndi kusungirako PV m'nyumba kungathe kuchepetsa mtengo wa magetsi, choncho m'madera okwera mtengo ogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi chilimbikitso champhamvu chokhazikitsa zosungiramo nyumba. Pamsika wokwera kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito amakonda kusankha ma hybrid inverters ndi ma AC-coupled battery systems, omwe ndi okwera mtengo komanso osavuta kupanga. Ma charger osinthira mabatire a Off-grid okhala ndi ma heavy-duty transistors ndi okwera mtengo, pomwe ma hybrid inverters ndi ma AC-coupled batire amagwiritsira ntchito ma transistors opanda ma transistors. Ma inverter ophatikizika, opepuka awa ali ndi ma surges otsika komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, koma ndiokwera mtengo, otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kupanga. Mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera zimafunikira ku US ndi Japan, ndipo mphamvu zodziyimira zokha ndizo zomwe msika umafunikira, kuphatikiza madera monga South Africa. Malinga ndi EIA, nthawi yapakati pamagetsi ku United States mu 2020 ndi yopitilira maola 8, makamaka ndi anthu okhala ku US omwe amakhala amwazikana, gawo la gululi okalamba ndi masoka achilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina ogawa ndi kusungirako PV m'nyumba kumatha kuchepetsa kudalira pa gridi ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwamagetsi kumbali yamakasitomala. Dongosolo la US PV yosungirako ndi lalikulu komanso lokhala ndi mabatire ambiri, chifukwa kufunikira kosunga mphamvu poyankha masoka achilengedwe. Mphamvu zodziyimira pawokha ndizofunikira pamsika, South Africa, Pakistan, Lebanon, Philippines, Vietnam ndi mayiko ena omwe ali pamavuto apadziko lonse lapansi, zomangamanga mdziko muno sizokwanira kuthandiza anthu ndi magetsi, kotero ogwiritsa ntchito azikhala ndi mabanja. PV yosungirako dongosolo. Ma Hybrid inverters monga mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera ali ndi malire. Poyerekeza ndi ma inverter odzipatulira a batri, ma hybrid inverters ali ndi zoletsa zina, makamaka mawotchi ocheperako kapena kutulutsa mphamvu kwambiri ngati magetsi azimitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ma inverter ena osakanizidwa alibe mphamvu zosungirako kapena zosungirako zochepa, kotero kuti katundu wocheperako kapena wofunikira monga kuyatsa ndi mabwalo oyambira magetsi amatha kuthandizidwa panthawi yamagetsi, ndipo makina ambiri amachedwa kuchedwa kwa 3-5 masekondi panthawi yamagetsi. . Ma inverters a Off-grid, kumbali ina, amapereka mawotchi okwera kwambiri komanso mphamvu zochulukirapo ndipo amatha kunyamula katundu wambiri. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akukonzekera kupatsa mphamvu zida zothamanga kwambiri monga mapampu, ma compressor, makina ochapira ndi zida zamagetsi, inverter iyenera kunyamula katundu wokwera kwambiri. Ma inverters ophatikizika a DC Makampaniwa akugwiritsa ntchito makina osungira PV ochulukirapo ndi DC coupling kuti akwaniritse mapangidwe ophatikizika osungira a PV, makamaka m'makina atsopano omwe ma inverters osakanizidwa ndi osavuta komanso otsika mtengo kukhazikitsa. Powonjezera machitidwe atsopano, kugwiritsa ntchito ma inverters osakanizidwa posungirako mphamvu ya PV kungachepetse mtengo wa zida ndi ndalama zoyikira, chifukwa chosungira chosungirako chimatha kukwaniritsa kugwirizanitsa-inverter. Chowongolera ndi chosinthira mu machitidwe ophatikizana a DC ndi otsika mtengo kuposa ma inverters olumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi makabati ogawa mu machitidwe ophatikizika a AC, kotero mayankho ophatikizidwa ndi DC ndi otsika mtengo kuposa mayankho a AC. Wowongolera, batire ndi inverter mu DC-coupled system ndizosawerengeka, zolumikizidwa kwambiri komanso zosasinthika. Pamakina omwe angoyikidwa kumene, PV, batire ndi inverter adapangidwa molingana ndi mphamvu ya wogwiritsa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndiye kuti ndi yoyenera kwambiri pamagetsi ophatikizika a DC. 
Zopangidwa ndi DC-couple hybrid inverter ndizomwe zimachitika, BSLBATT idakhazikitsanso zake5kw hybrid solar inverterkumapeto kwa chaka chatha, ndipo tidzakhazikitsa 6kW ndi 8kW haibridi ma inverter a solar motsatizana chaka chino! Zogulitsa zazikulu za opanga magetsi osungira magetsi ndizochulukirapo pamisika itatu yayikulu yaku Europe, United States ndi Australia. Mu msika ku Europe, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Netherlands ndi miyambo ina PV pachimake msika makamaka magawo atatu msika, yabwino kwambiri mphamvu ya zinthu zazikulu. Italy, Spain ndi maiko ena akumwera kwa Europe makamaka amafunikira zinthu zotsika kwambiri zagawo limodzi. Ndipo Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Lithuania ndi mayiko ena a Kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya makamaka amafuna zinthu za magawo atatu, koma kuvomereza kwamtengo kumakhala kochepa. United States ili ndi njira yayikulu yosungiramo mphamvu ndipo imakonda zinthu zamagetsi zapamwamba. Battery ndi yosungirako inverter kugawanika mtundu ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndi installers, koma batire inverter zonse-in-chimodzi ndi chitukuko m'tsogolo. PV energy storage hybrid inverter imagawidwanso kukhala hybrid inverter yogulitsidwa padera ndi batire energy storage system (BESS) yomwe imagulitsa inverter yosungirako mphamvu ndi batire limodzi. Pakali pano, pankhani ya ogulitsa kulamulira njira, aliyense makasitomala mwachindunji ndi moikirapo, batire, inverter kugawanika mankhwala ndi otchuka kwambiri, makamaka kunja kwa Germany, makamaka chifukwa cha unsembe zosavuta ndi kukulitsa kosavuta, ndi zosavuta kuchepetsa ndalama zogula. , batire kapena inverter sangathe kuperekedwa kuti apeze chithandizo chachiwiri, kubweretsa kumakhala kotetezeka kwambiri. Germany, United States, Japan mayendedwe ndi makina onse mummodzi. Makina amtundu umodzi amatha kupulumutsa mavuto ambiri pambuyo pa kugulitsa, ndipo pali zinthu zotsimikizira, monga chiphaso chamoto cha United States chiyenera kulumikizidwa ndi inverter. Zomwe zamakono zamakono zikupita ku makina onse, koma kuchokera ku malonda a msika wa mtundu wogawanika mu oyikapo kuti avomereze pang'ono. M'makina ophatikizika a DC, ma batire okwera kwambiri amakhala okwera kwambiri, koma okwera mtengo kwambiri pakagwa kusowa kwa batire. Kuyelekeza ndiMakina a batri a 48V, mabatire amphamvu kwambiri amagwira ntchito mumtundu wa 200-500V DC, amakhala ndi kutayika kwa chingwe chocheperako komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri chifukwa ma sola a dzuwa nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pa 300-600V, ofanana ndi mphamvu ya batire, kulola kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosinthira za DC-DC zolimba kwambiri. zotayika zochepa. Mabatire amagetsi okwera kwambiri ndi okwera mtengo kuposa mabatire otsika, pomwe ma inverters ndi otsika mtengo. Pakalipano pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mabatire okwera kwambiri komanso kusowa kwa magetsi, kotero kuti mabatire apamwamba kwambiri ndi ovuta kugula, ndipo pakakhala kusowa kwa mabatire okwera kwambiri, ndi zotchipa kugwiritsa ntchito makina otsika kwambiri a batire. Kulumikizana kwa DC pakati pa ma solar arrays ndi inverters 
DC yolumikizana mwachindunji ndi inverter yofananira yosakanizidwa 
AC Coupled Inverters Makina ophatikizika a DC sali oyenera kukonzanso makina olumikizidwa ndi grid. Njira yolumikizirana ya DC imakhala ndi zovuta zotsatirazi: Choyamba, makina ogwiritsira ntchito mawaya a DC amakhala ndi zovuta za mawaya ovuta komanso kapangidwe kagawo kakang'ono pokonzanso njira yomwe ilipo yolumikizidwa ndi gululi; chachiwiri, kuchedwa kwa kusintha pakati pa grid-yolumikizidwa ndi off-grid ndi yaitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi a wogwiritsa ntchito akhale osauka; chachitatu, wanzeru kulamulira ntchito si mokwanira mokwanira ndipo kuyankha kwa ulamuliro si nthawi yake yokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira yaying'ono-gululi ntchito mphamvu ya nyumba lonse. Chifukwa chake, makampani ena asankha njira yaukadaulo yolumikizira AC, monga Rene. AC coupling system imapangitsa kukhazikitsa kwazinthu kukhala kosavuta. ReneSola amagwiritsa ntchito mbali ya AC ndi PV system coupling kuti akwaniritse kuthamanga kwa mphamvu ya bi-directional, kuchotsa kufunikira kopeza mabasi a PV DC, kupanga kuyika mankhwala mosavuta; kudzera mu kuphatikiza kwa pulogalamu yowongolera nthawi yeniyeni ndi kukonza kamangidwe ka hardware kuti mukwaniritse kusintha kwa millisecond kupita ndi kuchokera ku gridi; kudzera mu kuphatikiza kwatsopano kwa inverter yosungira mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ndi magetsi ndi dongosolo logawa kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu yanyumba yonse pansi pa control box control The Micro-grid application of automatic control box control. Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kutembenuka kwazinthu zophatikizidwa ndi AC ndikotsika pang'ono kuposa kwahybrid inverters. Kusinthika kwakukulu kwa zinthu zophatikizika za AC ndi 94-97%, zomwe ndizotsika pang'ono kuposa za ma hybrid inverters, makamaka chifukwa ma module amayenera kusinthidwa kawiri asanasungidwe mu batri pambuyo pakupanga mphamvu, zomwe zimachepetsa kutembenuka mtima. .
Nthawi yotumiza: May-08-2024