solar inverter ndi chiyani?

Pamene dziko likupita patsogolo pakufuna njira zothetsera mphamvu zokhazikika komanso zoyera, mphamvu ya dzuwa yatulukira ngati kutsogolo pa mpikisano wopita ku tsogolo lobiriwira. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso zowonjezereka za dzuwa, machitidwe a dzuwa a photovoltaic (PV) atchuka kwambiri, akutsegula njira yosinthira modabwitsa momwe timapangira magetsi. Pakatikati pa dongosolo lililonse la solar PV pali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimathandizira kutembenuka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito:inverter ya dzuwa. Pokhala ngati mlatho pakati pa mapanelo adzuwa ndi gridi yamagetsi, ma solar inverters amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ya dzuwa. Kumvetsetsa mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito ndikuwunika mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse makina ochititsa chidwi omwe amatembenuza mphamvu ya dzuwa. Huwu ASolaInverterWkapena? Solar inverter ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimasintha magetsi apano (DC) opangidwa ndi mapanelo adzuwa kukhala magetsi osinthira (AC) omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyatsa zida zapakhomo ndikulowetsedwa mu gridi yamagetsi. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya solar inverter ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: kutembenuka, kuwongolera, ndi kutulutsa. Kutembenuka: Solar inverter imalandira koyamba magetsi a DC opangidwa ndi mapanelo adzuwa. Magetsi a DC awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati magetsi osinthasintha omwe amasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ntchito yayikulu ya inverter ndikusintha voteji ya DC iyi kukhala voteji yokhazikika ya AC yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutembenuka kumaphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: seti yamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi (kawirikawiri insulated-gate bipolar transistors kapena IGBTs) ndi transformer high-frequency. Ma switchwa ali ndi udindo wosinthira mwachangu ma voliyumu a DC kuyatsa ndikuzimitsa, ndikupanga chizindikiro chothamanga kwambiri. Transformer ndiye imakweza voteji mpaka mulingo womwe mukufuna AC voltage. Kuwongolera: Gawo lowongolera la inverter ya solar limatsimikizira kuti kutembenuka kumagwira ntchito moyenera komanso motetezeka. Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms apamwamba kwambiri ndi masensa kuti aziyang'anira ndikuwongolera magawo osiyanasiyana. Zina zofunika zowongolera ndizo: a. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT): Ma solar panel ali ndi malo abwino ogwirira ntchito otchedwa maximum power point (MPP), pomwe amapanga mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri pakuwunika kwa dzuwa. The MPPT aligorivimu mosalekeza kusintha ntchito ntchito mapanelo dzuwa kuti kukulitsa kutulutsa mphamvu potsatira MPP. b. Kuwongolera kwa Voltage ndi Frequency Regulation: Makina owongolera a inverter amakhala ndi ma voliyumu okhazikika a AC ndi ma frequency, nthawi zambiri amatsatira miyeso ya gridi yogwiritsira ntchito. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zimagwirizana ndi zida zina zamagetsi ndipo zimalola kusakanikirana kosasunthika ndi gridi. c. Kulunzanitsa kwa Gridi: Zosinthira zamagetsi zolumikizidwa ndi gridi zimagwirizanitsa gawo ndi ma frequency a AC kutulutsa ndi gridi yogwiritsira ntchito. Kulunzanitsa kumeneku kumathandizira chosinthira kudyetsa mphamvu zochulukirapo mu gridi kapena kukoka mphamvu kuchokera pagululi pomwe kupanga kwa dzuwa sikukwanira. Zotulutsa: Pamapeto pake, inverter ya solar imapereka magetsi osinthika a AC kuzinthu zamagetsi kapena grid. Kutulutsa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira ziwiri: a. Pa-Grid kapena Grid-Tied Systems: M'makina omangidwa ndi gridi, chosinthira cha solar chimadyetsa magetsi a AC mwachindunji mugululi. Izi zimachepetsa kudalira mafuta opangira magetsi komanso zimapangitsa kuti pakhale metering, pomwe magetsi ochulukirapo omwe amapangidwa masana amatha kutchulidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yochepa yopangira dzuwa. b. Off-Grid Systems: M'makina opanda gridi, chosinthira cha solar chimalipira banki ya batri kuphatikiza pakupereka mphamvu kuzinthu zamagetsi. Mabatire amasunga mphamvu ya dzuwa yochulukirapo, yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe dzuwa limachepa kapena usiku pomwe ma solar sakupanga magetsi. Mawonekedwe a Solar Inverters: Kuchita bwino: Ma inverters a solar adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito mwachangu kuti apititse patsogolo zokolola zamphamvu za solar PV system. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu zochepa ziwonongeke panthawi ya kutembenuka, kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lalikulu la mphamvu ya dzuwa likugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Kutulutsa Mphamvu: Ma solar inverters amapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi, kuyambira kanyumba kakang'ono kanyumba mpaka kuyika kwamalonda kwakukulu. Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa inverter kuyenera kufananizidwa moyenera ndi mphamvu ya mapanelo adzuwa kuti akwaniritse ntchito yabwino. Kukhalitsa ndi Kudalirika: Ma solar inverters amakhala ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, chinyezi, komanso mafunde amagetsi. Chifukwa chake, ma inverters amayenera kumangidwa ndi zida zolimba ndipo adapangidwa kuti athe kulimbana ndi izi, kuonetsetsa kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali. Kuyang'anira ndi Kuyankhulana: Ma inverter ambiri amakono a solar amabwera ali ndi makina owunikira omwe amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira momwe ma solar PV akuyendera. Ma inverters ena amathanso kuyankhulana ndi zipangizo zakunja ndi mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu, kupereka deta yeniyeni ndikuthandizira kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira kutali. Zomwe Zachitetezo: Ma solar inverters amaphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachitetezo kuti ateteze dongosolo komanso anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito. Zinthuzi zikuphatikizapo chitetezo cha overvoltage, chitetezo cha overcurrent, kuzindikira zolakwika pansi, ndi chitetezo chotsutsana ndi zilumba, zomwe zimalepheretsa inverter kudyetsa mphamvu mu gridi panthawi yamagetsi. Solar Inverter Classified by Power Rating Ma inverters a PV, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma solar inverters, amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera kapangidwe kawo, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo. Kumvetsetsa maguluwa kungathandize posankha inverter yoyenera kwambiri pamtundu wina wa solar PV. Zotsatirazi ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma PV inverters osankhidwa ndi mulingo wamagetsi: Inverter molingana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi: makamaka imagawidwa mu inverter yogawidwa (chingwe chosinthira & inverter yaying'ono), inverter yapakati Kutembenuza kwa Stringers: Ma inverter a zingwe ndi mtundu womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ma inverter a PV m'malo okhala ndi ma solar amalonda, adapangidwa kuti azigwira ma solar angapo olumikizidwa mndandanda, kupanga "chingwe." Chingwe cha PV (1-5kw) chakhala chosinthira chodziwika kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi masiku ano kudzera pa inverter yokhala ndi nsonga zapamwamba zamphamvu kumbali ya DC ndi kulumikizana kwa gridi yofananira kumbali ya AC. Magetsi a DC opangidwa ndi mapanelo adzuwa amalowetsedwa mu inverter ya zingwe, zomwe zimasintha kukhala magetsi a AC kuti agwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo kapena kutumiza ku gridi. Ma inverters a zingwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo, kutsika mtengo, komanso kuyika kwake mosavuta. Komabe, magwiridwe antchito a chingwe chonsecho amadalira gulu lotsika kwambiri, lomwe lingakhudze magwiridwe antchito onse. Ma Micro inverters: Ma Micro inverters ndi ma inverter ang'onoang'ono omwe amaikidwa pa solar aliyense pagulu la PV. Mosiyana ndi ma inverters a zingwe, ma inverters ang'onoang'ono amasintha magetsi a DC kukhala AC pomwepa pagawo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola gulu lililonse kuti lizigwira ntchito palokha, ndikukulitsa mphamvu zonse za dongosololi. Ma Micro inverters amapereka maubwino angapo, kuphatikiza ma panel-level maximum power point tracking (MPPT), kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito pamapanelo okhala ndi mithunzi kapena osagwirizana, chitetezo chowonjezereka chifukwa chotsika ma voltages a DC, ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane momwe gulu likuyendera. Komabe, kukwera mtengo kwamtsogolo komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakukhazikitsa ndizofunikira kuziganizira. Ma Inverters apakati: Ma inverters apakati, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma inverter akuluakulu kapena ogwiritsira ntchito (> 10kW), amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika ma PV akuluakulu a solar, monga minda yadzuwa kapena mapulojekiti adzuwa. Ma inverter awa adapangidwa kuti azigwira zolowera zamphamvu za DC kuchokera ku zingwe zingapo kapena masanjidwe a solar ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu ya AC yolumikizira grid. Chofunikira chachikulu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kutsika mtengo kwadongosolo, koma popeza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi zomwe zikuyenda pazingwe zosiyanasiyana za PV nthawi zambiri sizimafanana ndendende (makamaka zingwe za PV zili ndi mithunzi pang'ono chifukwa cha mitambo, mthunzi, madontho, ndi zina zambiri.) , kugwiritsa ntchito inverter yapakati kudzatsogolera kutsika kwachangu kwa inverting ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yapanyumba. Ma inverter apakati nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, kuyambira ma kilowatt angapo mpaka ma megawati angapo. Amayikidwa pamalo apakati kapena inverter station, ndipo zingwe zingapo kapena magulu a solar solar amalumikizidwa nawo mofanana. Kodi Solar Inverter Imachita Chiyani? Ma inverters a Photovoltaic amagwira ntchito zingapo, kuphatikiza kutembenuka kwa AC, kukhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito a solar, komanso chitetezo chadongosolo. Ntchitozi zimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ndi kuzimitsa, kuwongolera mphamvu kwambiri, anti-islanding (kwa makina olumikizidwa ndi grid), kusintha kwamagetsi kwamagetsi (kwa makina olumikizidwa ndi grid), kuzindikira kwa DC (kwa makina olumikizidwa ndi grid), ndi kuzindikira kwa DC ( kwa makina olumikizidwa ndi grid). Tiyeni tifufuze mwachidule ntchito yodziwikiratu ndi kutseka kwamphamvu komanso ntchito yolamulira yowunikira mphamvu. 1) Ntchito yokhayokha ndi ntchito yotseka Dzuwa litatuluka m'mawa, mphamvu ya dzuwa imakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutuluka kwa maselo a dzuwa kumawonjezeka moyenerera. Pamene mphamvu yotulutsa yofunikira ndi inverter ikufika, inverter imayamba kuthamanga yokha. Pambuyo polowa ntchito, inverter idzayang'anira kutuluka kwa ma cell a dzuwa nthawi zonse, malinga ngati mphamvu yotulutsa zigawo za maselo a dzuwa ndi yaikulu kuposa mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yofunikira ndi inverter, inverter idzapitiriza kuthamanga; mpaka kulowa kwa dzuwa kuyima, ngakhale kukagwa mvula Inverter imagwiranso ntchito. Pamene kutuluka kwa gawo la selo la dzuwa kumakhala kochepa ndipo kutulutsa kwa inverter kuli pafupi ndi 0, inverter idzapanga dziko loyimilira. 2) Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yowunikira kuwongolera ntchito Kutulutsa kwa module ya solar cell kumasiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi kutentha kwa module ya solar cell (kutentha kwa chip). Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa gawo la selo la dzuwa liri ndi khalidwe kuti voteji imachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwamakono, kotero pali malo abwino ogwiritsira ntchito omwe angapeze mphamvu zambiri. Kuchuluka kwa ma radiation a dzuwa kukusintha, mwachiwonekere malo abwino kwambiri ogwirira ntchito akusinthanso. Malingana ndi kusintha kumeneku, malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma modules a solar cell nthawi zonse amakhala pamtunda waukulu wa mphamvu, ndipo dongosololi nthawi zonse limalandira mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu kuchokera ku module ya solar cell. Mtundu uwu wa kulamulira ndi pazipita mphamvu kutsatira ulamuliro. Chinthu chachikulu cha inverter yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu solar power generation ndi ntchito ya maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Zizindikiro Zaumisiri Zazikulu za Photovoltaic Inverter 1. Kukhazikika kwamagetsi otulutsa Mu dongosolo la photovoltaic, mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi selo ya dzuwa imasungidwa koyamba ndi batire, kenako imasinthidwa kukhala 220V kapena 380V yosinthana ndi inverter. Komabe, batire imakhudzidwa ndi mtengo wake ndi kutulutsa kwake, ndipo mphamvu yake yotulutsa imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, batire yodziwika bwino ya 12V ili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatha kusiyana pakati pa 10.8 ndi 14.4V (kupitilira izi zitha kuwononga batire). Kwa inverter yoyenerera, magetsi olowera akasintha mkati mwamtunduwu, kusiyanasiyana kwamagetsi ake okhazikika sikuyenera kupitilira Plusmn; 5% ya mtengo wake. Nthawi yomweyo, katunduyo akasintha mwadzidzidzi, kupatuka kwake kwamagetsi sikuyenera kupitilira ± 10% kuposa mtengo wake. 2. Waveform kupotoza kwa linanena bungwe voteji Kwa ma sine wave inverters, kupotoza kwakukulu kovomerezeka kwa ma waveform (kapena ma harmonic) kuyenera kufotokozedwa. Nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi kupotoza kwa ma waveform amagetsi otulutsa, ndipo mtengo wake suyenera kupitilira 5% (10% imaloledwa kutulutsa gawo limodzi). Popeza kutulutsa kwamakono kwamtundu wa harmonic ndi inverter kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zotayika zina monga mafunde a eddy pa inductive katundu, ngati kupotoza kwa ma waveform kwa inverter kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kumayambitsa kutentha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zonyamula katundu, zomwe sizingakhale bwino. chitetezo cha zida zamagetsi ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri dongosolo. magwiridwe antchito. 3. Chovoteledwa linanena bungwe pafupipafupi Pazambiri kuphatikiza ma mota, monga makina ochapira, mafiriji, ndi zina zotere, popeza malo oyenera ogwiritsira ntchito ma motors ndi 50Hz, ma frequency okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri amachititsa kuti zida zitenthedwe, kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wautumiki, kotero inverter's Ma frequency otulutsa ayenera kukhala okhazikika, nthawi zambiri mphamvu pafupipafupi 50Hz, ndipo kupatuka kwake kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa Plusmn;l% pogwira ntchito wamba. mikhalidwe. 4. Katundu mphamvu chinthu Tsimikizirani kuthekera kwa inverter ndi inductive katundu kapena capacitive katundu. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya sine wave inverter ndi 0.7 ~ 0.9, ndipo mtengo wake ndi 0.9. Pankhani ya mphamvu yonyamula katundu, ngati mphamvu ya inverter ili yochepa, mphamvu ya inverter yofunikira idzawonjezeka. Kumbali imodzi, mtengowo udzawonjezeka, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu yowonekera ya dera la AC la photovoltaic system idzawonjezeka. Pamene chiwonjezeko chamakono chikuwonjezeka, kutayika kudzawonjezeka mosakayikira, ndipo kuyendetsa bwino kwadongosolo kudzachepanso. 5. Inverter bwino Kuchita bwino kwa inverter kumatanthawuza chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zake zotuluka ndi mphamvu yolowera pansi pamikhalidwe yodziwika yogwirira ntchito, yowonetsedwa ngati peresenti. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya photovoltaic inverter imatanthawuza kunyamula koyera. Pansi pa 80% katundu s dzuwa. Popeza mtengo wonse wa photovoltaic system ndi wokwera, mphamvu ya photovoltaic inverter iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti kuchepetsa mtengo wa dongosolo ndi kupititsa patsogolo mtengo wa photovoltaic system. Pakalipano, mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito ma inverters akuluakulu ndi pakati pa 80% ndi 95%, ndipo mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito magetsi otsika zimafunika kukhala osachepera 85%. Mu ndondomeko yeniyeni ya dongosolo la photovoltaic, osati kokha kuti inverter yopambana kwambiri ikhale yosankhidwa, komanso kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kwa dongosololi kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti katundu wa photovoltaic agwire ntchito pafupi ndi malo abwino kwambiri momwe angathere. . 6. Chovoteledwa pakali pano (kapena chidavotera mphamvu) Imawonetsa kutulutsa kwaposachedwa kwa inverter mkati mwa gawo lamphamvu lamphamvu. Zogulitsa zina za inverter zimapereka mphamvu yotulutsa, ndipo gawo lake limawonetsedwa mu VA kapena kVA. Kuthekera kovotera kwa inverter kumapangidwa ndi voliyumu yomwe idavotera komanso kutulutsa komweku komwe mphamvu yotulutsa ndi 1 (ndiko kuti, katundu wotsutsa). 7. Njira zotetezera Inverter yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino iyeneranso kukhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kapena miyeso yolimbana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, kuti ziteteze inverter yokha ndi zigawo zina zadongosolo kuti zisawonongeke. 1) Lowetsani akaunti ya inshuwaransi ya undervoltage: Mphamvu yamagetsi yolowera ikatsika kuposa 85% yamagetsi ovotera, inverter iyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo ndikuwonetsa. 2) Chitetezo chowonjezera chamagetsi: Mphamvu yamagetsi yolowera ikakwera kuposa 130% yamagetsi ovotera, inverter iyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo ndikuwonetsa. 3) Chitetezo chambiri: Kutetezedwa kopitilira muyeso kwa inverter kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuchitapo kanthu pa nthawi yake pamene katunduyo ali waufupi kapena waposachedwa kwambiri kuposa mtengo wovomerezeka, kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu. Pamene mphamvu yogwira ntchito ikupitirira 150% ya mtengo wovotera, inverter iyenera kudziteteza yokha. 4) linanena bungwe chitetezo dera lalifupi Nthawi yayitali yoteteza chitetezo cha inverter siyenera kupitilira 0.5s. 5) Kulowetsa kumbuyo kwa polarity chitetezo: Pamene mizati yabwino ndi yoipa ya malo olowera asinthidwa, inverter iyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yoteteza ndikuwonetsa. 6) Chitetezo cha mphezi: Inverter iyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo cha mphezi. 7) Kuteteza kutentha kwambiri, etc. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa ma inverters opanda njira zokhazikitsira voteji, inverter iyeneranso kukhala ndi njira zodzitetezera ku overvoltage kuteteza katundu ku kuwonongeka kwa overvoltage. 8. Makhalidwe oyambira Kuwonetsa kuthekera kwa inverter kuyamba ndi katundu ndi ntchito panthawi yogwira ntchito. Inverter iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti yodalirika kuyambira pansi pa katundu wovotera. 9. Phokoso Zida monga zosinthira, zosefera zosefera, ma switch ma electromagnetic ndi mafani pazida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimatulutsa phokoso. Pamene inverter ikuyenda bwino, phokoso lake siliyenera kupitirira 80dB, ndipo phokoso la inverter yaying'ono siliyenera kupitirira 65dB. Kusankha Maluso a Solar Inverters