Tesla Powerwall yahinduye uburyo abantu bavuga kuri bateri yizuba hamwe nububiko bwingufu zo murugo kuba ikiganiro kijyanye nigihe kizaza mukiganiro kijyanye nubu. Ibyo ukeneye kumenya kubijyanye no kongera ububiko bwa batiri, nka Tesla Powerwall, muri sisitemu yizuba ryurugo rwawe. Igitekerezo cyo kubika batiri murugo ntabwo ari shyashya. Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV) hamwe n'amashanyarazi akomoka kumuyaga kumitungo ya kure yakoresheje kuva kera kubika bateri kugirango afate amashanyarazi adakoreshwa nyuma. Birashoboka cyane ko mumyaka itanu iri imbere 10, amazu menshi afite imirasire y'izuba nayo azaba afite sisitemu ya batiri. Batare ifata ingufu zose zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba zidakorwa ku manywa, kugirango zikoreshwe nyuma nijoro no ku zuba rike. Kwishyiriraho birimo bateri biragenda bikundwa. Hano harikintu gikurura kwigenga nkuko bishoboka kuva kuri gride; kubantu benshi, ntabwo ari icyemezo cyubukungu gusa, ahubwo nicyemezo cyibidukikije, kandi kuri bamwe, nikigaragaza icyifuzo cyabo cyo kwigenga mubigo byingufu. 
Tesla Powerwall igura angahe muri 2019? Habayeho izamuka ry'ibiciro mu Kwakira 2018 ku buryo Powerwall ubwayo igura amadolari 6.700 naho ibyuma bifasha bigura amadorari 1100, ibyo bikaba bizana sisitemu yose igera ku $ 7.800 hiyongereyeho no kwishyiriraho. Ibi bivuze ko yashizwemo izaba hafi $ 10,000, ukurikije igiciro cyo kwishyiriraho cyatanzwe na sosiyete iri hagati ya $ 2000–000 $. Ese igisubizo cyo kubika ingufu za Tesla cyemerewe inguzanyo yimisoro ya reta? Nibyo, Powerwall yemerewe 30% yinguzanyo yumusoro wizuba aho (Inguzanyo y'imisoro y'izuba (ITC) Yasobanuwe)yashyizwemo imirasire y'izuba kugirango ibike ingufu z'izuba. Ni ibihe bintu 5 bituma igisubizo cya Tesla Powerwall kigaragara nkigisubizo cyiza cyo kubika ingufu za batiri izuba kububiko bwingufu zo guturamo? Igiciro hafi $ 10,000 yashizwe kuri 13.5 kWh yububiko bukoreshwa. Aka nigiciro cyiza ugereranije nigiciro kinini cyo kubika ingufu zizuba. Ntabwo ari kugaruka gutangaje, ariko biruta bagenzi bayo; ●Yubatswe muri bateri inverter hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ubu yashyizwe mubiciro. Hamwe nizindi bateri nyinshi zizuba inverteri igomba kugurwa ukwayo; ●Ubwiza bwa Bateri. Tesla yafatanije na Panasonic kubijyanye na tekinoroji ya batiri ya Lithium-Ion bivuze ko selile imwe ya batiri igomba kuba hejuru cyane mubwiza; ●Sisitemu yubwenge igenzurwa nubwubatsi na sisitemu yo gukonjesha bateri. Nubwo ntari umuhanga kuri ibi, birambona ko Tesla ayoboye ipaki mubijyanye no kugenzura kugirango umutekano urusheho gukora neza; na ●Igenzura rishingiye ku gihe rigufasha kugabanya ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi kuva kuri gride umunsi umwe mugihe uhuye nigihe cyo gukoresha (TOU) kwishyuza amashanyarazi. Nubwo abandi bavuganye kubasha gukora ibi ntawundi wanyeretse porogaramu isebanya kuri terefone yanjye kugirango nshyireho ibihe nibihe ntarengwa kandi nibiciro no gukora bateri kugirango igabanye igiciro cyanjye nkuko Powerwall ishobora kubikora. Ububiko bwa batiri murugo ni ingingo ishyushye kubakoresha ingufu. Niba ufite imirasire y'izuba hejuru yinzu yawe, hari inyungu igaragara yo kubika amashanyarazi yose adakoreshwa muri bateri yo gukoresha nijoro cyangwa kumanywa wizuba. Ariko gusa ni gute izo bateri zikora kandi niki ukeneye kumenya mbere yo gushiraho imwe? Umuyoboro uhuza vs off-grid Hariho inzira enye zingenzi urugo rwawe rushobora gushyirwaho kugirango rutange amashanyarazi. Imiyoboro ihujwe (nta zuba) Byibanze gushiraho, aho amashanyarazi yawe yose aturuka kuri gride nkuru. Urugo ntirugira imirasire y'izuba cyangwa bateri. Imirasire y'izuba ihuza amashanyarazi (nta batiri) Ibisanzwe byashyizweho kumazu afite imirasire y'izuba. Imirasire y'izuba itanga ingufu ku manywa, kandi murugo muri rusange ikoresha izo mbaraga mbere, hifashishijwe ingufu za gride kumashanyarazi ayo ari yo yose akenewe kumunsi wizuba ryinshi, nijoro, ndetse no mugihe cyo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Imirasire y'izuba + bateri (bita "hybrid" sisitemu) Ibi bifite imirasire y'izuba, bateri, imashini ivangavanze (cyangwa birashoboka ko inverter nyinshi), hiyongereyeho umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Imirasire y'izuba itanga ingufu kumanywa, kandi murugo muri rusange ikoresha ingufu z'izuba mbere, ikoresha ibirenze kugirango yishyure bateri. Mugihe cyo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, cyangwa nijoro no kumunsi wizuba ryinshi, urugo rukuramo ingufu muri bateri, kandi nkuburyo bwa nyuma buva kuri gride. Ibisobanuro bya Batiri Ibi nibyingenzi byingenzi bya tekinike ya bateri yo murugo. Ubushobozi Ni imbaraga zingahe bateri ishobora kubika, mubisanzwe bipimwa mumasaha ya kilowatt (kilowat). Ubushobozi bw'izina ni umubare w'ingufu zose bateri ishobora gufata; ubushobozi bukoreshwa nuburyo buringaniye bushobora gukoreshwa mubyukuri, nyuma yuburebure bwo gusohora bumaze kugaragara. Ubujyakuzimu bwo gusohoka (DoD) Byerekanwe nkijanisha, iyi niyo mbaraga zingufu zishobora gukoreshwa neza nta kwihutisha kwangirika kwa batiri. Ubwoko bwa bateri bwinshi bugomba gufata amafaranga igihe cyose kugirango wirinde kwangirika. Batteri ya Litiyumu irashobora gusohoka neza hafi 80-90% yubushobozi bwabo. Bateri ya aside-aside irashobora gusohora hafi 50-60%, mugihe bateri zishobora gusohoka 100%. Imbaraga Nimbaraga zingahe (muri kilowatts) bateri ishobora gutanga. Imbaraga ntarengwa / impinga nini cyane bateri ishobora gutanga mugihe icyo aricyo cyose, ariko uku guturika kwingufu kurashobora gukomeza gusa mugihe gito. Imbaraga zihoraho nigipimo cyingufu zitangwa mugihe bateri ifite umuriro uhagije. Gukora neza Kuri buri kWh yumuriro ushizemo, ni bangahe bateri izabika kandi igashyirwa hanze. Hama hariho igihombo, ariko bateri ya lithium igomba kuba irenga 90% neza. Umubare wuzuye wo kwishyuza / gusohora Byitwa kandi ubuzima bwinzira, nuburyo buringaniye bwumuriro no gusohora bateri ishobora gukora mbere yuko ifatwa nkigera kumpera yubuzima bwayo. Ababikora batandukanye barashobora kugereranya ibi muburyo butandukanye. Batteri ya Litiyumu irashobora gukora kumirongo ibihumbi byinshi. Ubuzima (imyaka cyangwa inzinguzingo) Ubuzima buteganijwe bwa bateri (hamwe na garanti) burashobora gupimwa mukuzunguruka (reba hejuru) cyangwa imyaka (muri rusange ni igereranyo ukurikije imikoreshereze isanzwe ikoreshwa ya batiri). Igihe cyo kubaho nacyo kigomba kuvuga urwego ruteganijwe rwubushobozi nyuma yubuzima; kuri bateri ya lithium, mubisanzwe bizaba hafi 60-80% yubushobozi bwumwimerere. Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije Batteri yumva ubushyuhe kandi ikeneye gukora murwego runaka. Barashobora gutesha agaciro cyangwa gufunga ahantu hashyushye cyane cyangwa hakonje. Ubwoko bwa batiri Litiyumu-ion Ubwoko bwa bateri ikunze gushyirwa mumazu uyumunsi, izi bateri zikoresha tekinoroji isa na bagenzi babo bato muri terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa chimie ya lithium-ion. Ubwoko busanzwe bukoreshwa muri bateri zo murugo ni lithium nikel-manganese-cobalt (NMC), ikoreshwa na Tesla na LG Chem. Ubundi buhanga bwa chimie ni lithium fer fosifate (LiFePO, cyangwa LFP) bivugwa ko ifite umutekano kurusha NMC kubera ibyago bike byo guhunga amashyanyarazi (kwangirika kwa batiri n'umuriro ushobora guterwa n'ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa umuriro mwinshi) ariko ufite ingufu nke. LFP ikoreshwa muri bateri zo murugo zakozwe na BYD na BSLBATT, nibindi. Ibyiza ●Barashobora gutanga ibihumbi byinshi byo kwishyuza-gusohora. ●Barashobora gusezererwa cyane (kugeza 80-90% yubushobozi bwabo muri rusange). ●Birakwiriye kuburyo butandukanye bwubushyuhe bwibidukikije. ●Bagomba kumara imyaka 10+ mugukoresha bisanzwe. Ibibi ●Iherezo ryubuzima rishobora kuba ikibazo kuri bateri nini ya lithium. ●Bakeneye kubyazwa umusaruro kugirango bagarure ibyuma byagaciro kandi birinde imyanda yubumara, ariko gahunda nini ziracyari mu ntangiriro. Mugihe bateri ya lithium yimodoka hamwe nibinyabiziga bigenda byiyongera, biteganijwe ko uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu buzatera imbere. ●Acide-aside, isasu rya aside-yambere (karubone) ●Tekinoroji nziza ya kera ya aside-acide ifasha gutangira imodoka yawe nayo ikoreshwa mububiko bunini. Nubwoko bwa bateri bwunvikana neza kandi neza. Ecoult ni ikirango kimwe gikora bateri yambere ya aside-aside. Ariko, nta terambere ryibonekeje mubikorwa cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro, biragoye kubona aside-aside irushanwa igihe kirekire na lithium-ion cyangwa ubundi buhanga. Ibyiza Birahendutse cyane, hamwe nuburyo bwo kujugunya no gutunganya ibintu. Ibibi ●Nibinini. ●Bumva ubushyuhe bukabije bwibidukikije, bushobora kugabanya igihe cyo kubaho. ●Bafite umuvuduko ukabije. Ubundi bwoko Tekinoroji ya Batiri nububiko iri muburyo bwiterambere ryihuse. Ubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga buboneka ubu harimo bateri ya Aquion hybrid ion (amazi yumunyu), bateri yumunyu ushongeshejwe, hamwe na supercapacitor ya Arvio Sirius iherutse gutangazwa. Tuzakomeza gukurikiranira hafi isoko no gutanga raporo kubyerekeranye nuko isoko rya batiri yo murugo ryongeye kubaho. Byose kubiciro bimwe Bateri ya BSLBATT yohereza mu ntangiriro za 2019, nubwo isosiyete itaremeza niba aricyo gihe cyo gukora verisiyo eshanu. Inverter ihuriweho ituma AC Powerwall itera intambwe iva mu gisekuru cya mbere, bityo birashobora gufata igihe kirekire kugirango isohoke kuruta verisiyo ya DC. Sisitemu ya DC izanye na DC / DC ihindura, yita kubibazo bya voltage byavuzwe haruguru. Urebye kuruhande rwububiko butandukanye bwububiko, kilowatt-14-isaha ya Powerwall itangirira $ 3,600 iyobora neza umurima kubiciro byashyizwe ku rutonde. Iyo abakiriya babisabye, nibyo bashaka, ntabwo ari amahitamo yubwoko bwubu bufite. Nshobora kubona bateri yo murugo? Ku ngo nyinshi, twibwira ko bateri itumvikana neza mubukungu. Batteri iracyahenze cyane kandi igihe cyo kwishyura kizaba kirekire kuruta igihe cya garanti ya batiri. Kugeza ubu, bateri ya lithium-ion hamwe na inverter ya Hybrid isanzwe igura amadolari 8000 na $ 15,000 (yashyizweho), bitewe nubushobozi hamwe nikirango. Ariko ibiciro biragabanuka kandi mumyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu birashobora kuba icyemezo cyiza cyo gushyiramo bateri yo kubika hamwe na sisitemu yizuba iyo ari yo yose. Nubwo bimeze bityo, abantu benshi bashora imari mububiko bwa batiri murugo, cyangwa byibuze bakemeza ko izuba ryizuba rya PV ryiteguye. Turagutera inkunga yo gukora ukoresheje amagambo abiri cyangwa atatu yatanzwe n'abashitsi bazwi mbere yo kwiyemeza gushiraho bateri. Ibisubizo bivuye mu igeragezwa ryimyaka itatu yavuzwe haruguru byerekana ko ugomba kwemeza neza garanti ikomeye, hamwe nubwitange bwinkunga itangwa nuwaguhaye isoko hamwe nuwakoze bateri mugihe habaye amakosa. Gahunda ya reta yo kugabanura leta, hamwe na sisitemu yubucuruzi bwingufu nka Reposit, rwose birashobora gutuma bateri zishobora kubaho mubukungu mumiryango imwe n'imwe. Kurenga ibisanzwe Icyemezo gito cy'ikoranabuhanga (STC) gitera inkunga ya bateri, kuri ubu hariho gahunda yo kugabanyirizwa cyangwa gahunda idasanzwe y'inguzanyo muri Victoria, Ositaraliya yepfo, Queensland, na ACT. Ibindi birashobora gukurikira kuburyo bikwiye kugenzura ibiboneka mukarere kawe. Mugihe urimo gukora amafaranga kugirango uhitemo niba bateri yumvikana murugo rwawe, ibuka gusuzuma igiciro cyo kugaburira (FiT). Naya mafranga wishyuwe kubububasha burenze urugero butangwa nizuba ryizuba hanyuma ukagaburirwa muri gride. Kuri buri kWh yerekeje aho kwishyuza bateri yawe, uzareka kugaburira ibiryo. Mugihe muri rusange FiT iri hasi cyane mubice byinshi bya Ositaraliya, biracyari ikiguzi cyamahirwe ukwiye gutekereza. Mubice bifite FiT itanga cyane nkintara yamajyaruguru, birashoboka ko byunguka cyane kudashyiraho bateri hanyuma ugakusanya FiT kugirango ubone amashanyarazi asagutse. Amagambo Watt (W) na kilowatt (kW) Igice cyakoreshejwe mukugereranya igipimo cyo kohereza ingufu. Kilowatt imwe = watts 1000. Hamwe nimirasire yizuba, igipimo muri watts cyerekana imbaraga ntarengwa akanama gashobora gutanga mugihe icyo aricyo cyose mugihe. Hamwe na bateri, igipimo cyingufu cyerekana imbaraga bateri ishobora gutanga. Amasaha ya Watt (Wh) na kilowatt-amasaha (kWt) Igipimo cyo kubyara ingufu cyangwa gukoresha igihe. Isaha ya kilowatt (kWh) nigice uzabona kuri fagitire y'amashanyarazi kuko wishyuye gukoresha amashanyarazi mugihe. Imirasire y'izuba itanga 300W kumasaha imwe yatanga 300Wh (cyangwa 0.3kWh) yingufu. Kuri bateri, ubushobozi muri kWh nuburyo ingufu bateri ishobora kubika. BESS (sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri) Ibi bisobanura paki yuzuye ya bateri, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bihujwe, hamwe na software yo gucunga amafaranga, gusohora, urwego rwa DoD nibindi byinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2024