Tesla, Huawei, LG, Sonnen, SolarEdge, BSLBATT, ni bike mu bicuruzwa icumi byo mu rugo bikoresha imirasire y'izuba ku isoko bigurishwa kandi bigashyirwaho buri munsi, hamwe no kwiyongera kw'ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ndetse n'inkunga zitangwa na politiki y'igihugu. Ariko reba hano… Muri 70% byimanza, banki yumuriro wizuba yashizwemo ntabwo ikora neza kandi ntabwo yujuje ibiranga sisitemu ya PV, bityo ikayihindura ishoramari ribi kandi ridaharanira inyungu. Reka tubitege amaso, intego yonyine ya batiri yizuba murugo nukubyara kuzigama hamwe na sisitemu ya PV, ariko akenshi ntabwo ikoreshwa neza, mubyukuri kuko ugura ibicuruzwa bifite imiterere idakwiye. 
Ariko ni ibihe bintu biranga sisitemu ya batiri izuba igomba gukora neza? Niki ukwiye gushakisha mugihe uhisemo bateri yo kubika ingufu murugo kugirango wirinde guta amafaranga? Reka tubishakire hamwe muriyi ngingo. 1. Ubushobozi bwa Bateri. Nkuko izina ribivuga, umurimo waurugo rwa batiri izubani ukubika ingufu zirenze zakozwe na sisitemu ya PV kumunsi kugirango ikoreshwe ako kanya mugihe sisitemu itagishoboye gutanga ingufu zihagije zo guha ingufu umutwaro murugo. Amashanyarazi yubusa atangwa na sisitemu anyura munzu, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nka firigo, imashini imesa na pompe yubushyuhe, hanyuma bigaburirwa muri gride. Batiri ya Home lithium ituma bishoboka kugarura izo mbaraga zirenze, ubundi byahabwa hafi leta, ikayikoresha nijoro, ikirinda gukenera ingufu ziyongera kumafaranga. Mu nzu ya gazi ya Zerø (ifite amashanyarazi rwose), kubika batiri izuba murugo rero ni ngombwa kuko, nkuko amakuru akora iperereza na raporo, umusaruro wubukonje bwa sisitemu ntushobora guhura no guhaza ingufu za pompe yubushyuhe. Imipaka yonyine niba igena ingano ya sisitemu ya PV ni. Space Umwanya wo hejuru Bije ● Ubwoko bwa sisitemu (icyiciro kimwe cyangwa icyiciro cya gatatu) 
Kuri bateri y'izuba murugo, ubunini ni ngombwa. Nubushobozi bunini bwa banki yumuriro wizuba murugo, niko umubare munini wokoresha amafaranga yo gushimangira kandi niko kuzigama "impanuka" byakozwe na sisitemu ya PV. Kugirango ubunini bukwiye, mubisanzwe ndasaba ko batiri ya lithium ion izuba ryikuba inshuro ebyiri ubushobozi bwa sisitemu ya PV. Niba ufite sisitemu ya 5 kW, noneho igitekerezo nukujyana na a10 kWh banki ya batiri. Sisitemu ya 10 kWt?Batiri 20 kWh. N'ibindi… Ni ukubera ko mu gihe cy'itumba, iyo amashanyarazi akenewe cyane, sisitemu ya 1 kWt itanga ingufu zingana na 3 kWh. Niba ugereranije 1/3 cyingufu zinjizwa nibikoresho byo murugo kugirango bikoreshe wenyine, 2/3 bigaburirwa muri gride. Kubwibyo, inzu ya batiri yizuba ya banki ikubye kabiri ubunini bwa sisitemu. Mu mpeshyi no mu cyi, imirasire y'izuba itanga ingufu nyinshi, ariko ingufu zibitswe ntiziyongera uko bikwiye. Urashaka kugura sisitemu nini ya batiri? Urashobora kubikora, ariko sisitemu nini ntabwo bivuze ko uzigama amafaranga menshi. Urashobora gushaka kwibanda kuri bike kandi byinshi, cyangwa byiza kurushaho, gushora neza muri sisitemu ya bateri igukorera, wenda hamwe na garanti nziza ya garanti cyangwa gukora neza pompe. Ubushobozi numubare gusa, kandi amategeko yo kumenya ingano ya bateri yizuba murugo birihuta kandi byoroshye, nkuko nabikweretse. Nyamara, ibipimo bibiri bikurikiraho nibyubuhanga kandi nibyingenzi cyane kubantu bashaka kumva neza uburyo bwo kubona ibicuruzwa byiza bikora neza. 2. Kwishyuza no gusohora imbaraga. Birasa nkibitangaje, ariko bateri igomba kwishyurwa no gusohoka, kandi kugirango ubigire ifite icyuho, imbogamizi, kandi nimbaraga ziteganijwe kandi zicungwa na inverter. Niba sisitemu yanjye igaburira 5 kW muri gride, ariko banki yumuriro wizuba murugo yishyuza 2,5 kWt gusa, ndacyatakaza ingufu kuko 50% byingufu ziragaburirwa kandi ntibibitswe. Igihe cyose cyanjyebateri izubaifite imbaraga ntakibazo, ariko niba bateri yanjye yarapfuye kandi sisitemu ya PV itanga igihe gito cyane (mugihe cy'itumba), ingufu zabuze bivuze amafaranga yatakaye. Mbona rero imeri kubantu bafite 10 kWt ya PV, 20 kWh ya bateri (ifite ubunini buringaniye), ariko inverter irashobora gukora gusa 2,5 kW yumuriro. Imbaraga zo kwishyuza / gusohora nazo zigira ingaruka kumwanya wo kwishyiriraho bateri yinzu yizuba ugereranije. Niba ngomba kwishyuza bateri 20 kWh hamwe na 2.5 kWt yingufu, nkeneye amasaha 8. Niba aho kuba 2,5 kW, ndishyuza na 5 kWt, bimfata igice cyigihe. Wishyura rero bateri nini, ariko ntushobora kuyishyuza, atari ukubera ko sisitemu idatanga umusaruro uhagije, ariko kubera ko inverter itinda cyane. 
Ibi bikunze kubaho hamwe nibicuruzwa "byateranijwe", ibyo rero mfite inverter yabigenewe kugirango ihuze na moderi ya bateri, iboneza ryayo ikunda kugarukira. Imbaraga zo kwishyuza / gusohora nazo ni ikintu cyingenzi cyo gukoresha neza bateri mugihe cyibisabwa. Ni imbeho, 8h00, kandi inzu iranezerewe: imirasire yizuba yizuba ikora kuri 2 kWt, pompe yubushyuhe irasunika umushyushya gushushanya izindi kilowati 2, frigo, TV, amatara nibikoresho bitandukanye biracyagutwara 1 kWt , kandi ninde ubizi, birashoboka ko ufite amashanyarazi yumuriro, ariko reka tuvane muburinganire kuri ubu. Ikigaragara ni uko muri ibi bihe, ingufu za Photovoltaque zidakorwa, ufite bateri zishiramo, ariko ntabwo byanze bikunze "wigenga byigihe gito" neza kuko niba inzu yawe isaba 5 kWt kandi inzu yizuba itanga inzu ya kilowati 2,5 gusa, bivuze ko 50% bya ingufu uracyakura kuri gride ukayishyura. Urabona paradox? Mugihe inzu yumuriro wizuba urimo kwishyuza, wabuze ikintu cyingenzi cyangwa, birashoboka cyane ko umuntu waguhaye ibicuruzwa yaguhaye sisitemu ihendutse aho yashoboraga kubona amafaranga menshi ataguhaye amakuru kubyerekeye. Ah, birashoboka cyane ko nawe atazi ibi bintu. Bihujwe no kwishyuza / gusohora imbaraga nugukingura imirongo yicyiciro cya 3 / icyiciro kimwe kuko bateri zimwe, kurugero, bateri 2 BSLATT ntishobora gushyirwa kumurongo umwe wicyiciro kimwe kuko ingufu zombi ziyongera (10 + 10 = 10) kugirango tugere ku mbaraga zikenewe mu byiciro bitatu, ariko tuzabiganiraho mu kindi kiganiro. Noneho reka tuvuge kubintu bya gatatu tugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo bateri yinzu: ubwoko bwa bateri. 3. Ubwoko bwa Bateri y'izuba. Menya ko iki kintu cya gatatu aricyo "rusange" muri bitatu byatanzwe, kubera ko kirimo ibintu byinshi bikwiye gusuzumwa, ariko ni ibya kabiri mubice bibiri byambere byatanzwe. Igabana ryacu rya mbere ryubuhanga bwo kubika riri hejuru yacyo. AC-guhinduranya cyangwa DC-ikomeza. Incamake ntoya. Panel Ikibaho cya batiri gitanga ingufu za DC ● Inshingano ya inverter ya sisitemu ni uguhindura ingufu ziva muri DC zikagera kuri AC, ukurikije ibipimo bya gride yasobanuwe, bityo sisitemu yicyiciro kimwe ni 230V, 50/60 Hz. ● Iki kiganiro gifite imikorere, bityo dufite ijanisha rito cyangwa ritoya ryo kumeneka, ni ukuvuga "gutakaza" ingufu, muritwe twibwira ko 98% ari byiza. Battery Batiri yizuba ikoresheje ingufu za DC, ntabwo ari AC. Ibyo byose birasobanutse? … Niba bateri iri kuruhande rwa DC, hanyuma muri DC, inverter izaba ifite gusa inshingano yo guhindura ingufu nyazo zakozwe kandi zikoreshwa, guhererekanya ingufu zihoraho za sisitemu kuri bateri - nta guhinduka bisabwa. Kurundi ruhande, niba bateri yizuba yinzu iri kuruhande rwa AC, dufite inshuro 3 zo guhinduka kuruta inverter. 98 Iyambere 98% kuva mubihingwa kugeza gride Kwishyuza kabiri kuva AC kugeza DC bitanga imikorere ya 96%. ● Ihinduka rya gatatu riva muri DC rija muri AC kugirango risohore, bivamo gukora neza muri rusange 94% (tuvuze ko imikorere ihoraho ya 98% kandi ititaye ku gihombo mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora, uko byagenda kose). Izi ngamba, zemejwe nububiko bwinshi na Tesla, bivamo igihombo cya 4% ugereranije nizindi manza. Noneho ni ngombwa kwerekana ko ihuriro ry’ikoranabuhanga ryombi ari icyemezo cyo gushyiraho banki yumuriro wizuba murugo mugihe wubaka sisitemu ya PV, kubera ko ibintu bya AC bikoreshwa cyane mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu, ni ukuvuga gushiraho banki yumuriro wizuba murugo kuri sisitemu ihari , kubera ko badasaba impinduka zikomeye kuri sisitemu ya PV. Ikindi kintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe cyubwoko bwa bateri ni chimie mububiko. Yaba LiFePo4 (LFP), Li-ion yera, NMC, nibindi, buri sosiyete ifite patenti zayo, ingamba zayo. Tugomba gushaka iki? Ninde wahitamo? Nibyoroshye: buri sosiete yizuba ishora miriyoni mubushakashatsi hamwe na patenti hamwe nintego yoroshye yo gushakisha uburinganire bwiza hagati yikiguzi, imikorere nubwishingizi. Ku bijyanye na bateri, iyi ni imwe mu ngingo zingenzi: garanti yo kuramba no gukora neza mububiko. Ingwate rero ihinduka ibipimo byimpanuka ya "tekinoroji" yakoreshejwe. Batare y'izuba murugo ni ibikoresho, nkuko twabivuze, ikora kugirango ikoreshe neza sisitemu ya fotokolta no kubyara amafaranga murugo. Niba ushaka gushora imari uticujije, ugomba kujya kubanyamwuga bakomeye kandi batojwe neza kugirango bagureurugo rwa batiri izuba. Nigute ushobora kwirinda gukora amakosa mugihe ugura no kugura bateri yizuba murugo? Nibyoroshye, hindukirira umuntu ubishoboye kandi uzi ubumenyi cyangwa sosiyete ako kanya,BSLBATTshyira umukiriya hagati yumushinga, ntabwo inyungu zabo bwite. Niba ukeneye izindi nkunga, BSLBATT ifite itsinda ryiza ryaba injeniyeri bagurisha kandi izaba ihari kugirango ikuyobore muguhitamo bateri yizuba ikwiranye na sisitemu ya PV.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2024