Ni ikihe giciro cya batiri izuba murugo kuri kilowati? Ukeneye ndetse no kubika bateri yo guturamo kugirango sisitemu yawe ifotora? Hano urahasanga ibisubizo. Igiciro cyo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba murugo kiratandukanye cyane, bitewe ahanini nauruganda rukora imirasire y'izuba. Kera, twakoreshaga bateri ya aside-aside kugirango tubike ingufu z'izuba. Mugihe tekinoroji ya bateri ya aside-acide ikuze, igiciro giteganijwe kumasaha ya kilowatt gishobora kuba $ 500 kugeza $ 1000! Batteri yizuba ya Litiyumu-ion igenda isimbuza buhoro buhoro bateri ya acide-acide nkibisekuru bizaza bya sisitemu yo gusubira inyuma murugo kubera imikorere yabo ihanitse, ubushobozi buboneka hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi ndende, ariko kandi biza hamwe nigiciro cyinshi cyo kugura, bityo ikiguzi giteganijwe kuri kWh kuri bateri yizuba ya lithium-ion ni $ 800 kugeza $ 1,350. 
Ese bateri izuba murugo birakwiye? Photovoltaics itanga amashanyarazi aturuka ku zuba. Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gufotora irashobora kubyara ingufu nyinshi mugihe izuba riva. Ibi birakoreshwa cyane cyane kuva mugitondo kugeza nyuma ya saa sita. Mubyongeyeho, ufite umusaruro mwinshi w'amashanyarazi mugihe cy'impeshyi, icyi n'itumba. Kubwamahirwe, ibi nabyo nibihe urugo rwawe rukeneye ugereranije amashanyarazi make. Gukoresha amashanyarazi ni menshi mu masaha ya nimugoroba no mu mezi y'itumba ryijimye. Muri make rero, ibi bivuze: Sisitemu itanga amashanyarazi make cyane mugihe ubikeneye. ● Ku rundi ruhande, amashanyarazi menshi atangwa mugihe gikenewe cyane. Kubwibyo, umushingamategeko yashyizeho uburyo bwo kugaburira ingufu zizuba udakeneye mumashanyarazi rusange. Wakiriye igiciro cyo kugaburira ibi. Ariko, ugomba noneho kugura amashanyarazi kubatanga ingufu rusange mugihe gikenewe cyane. Igisubizo cyiza kugirango ubashe gukoresha neza amashanyarazi ubwawe ni sisitemu yo kubika bateri ya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque. Ibi biragufasha kubika by'agateganyo amashanyarazi arenze kugeza ubikeneye. Nkeneye byanze bikunze sisitemu yo murugo izuba rya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque? Oya, Photovoltaics nayo ikora idafite ububiko bwa batiri. Ariko, muriki gihe uzatakaza amashanyarazi asagutse mumasaha yumusaruro mwinshi kugirango ukoreshe wenyine. Byongeye kandi, ugomba kugura amashanyarazi muri gride rusange mugihe gikenewe cyane. Uhembwa amashanyarazi ugaburira muri gride, ariko noneho ukoresha amafaranga mubyo waguze. Urashobora no kwishyura byinshi kurenza ibyo winjiza ubigaburira muri gride. Byongeye kandi, amafaranga winjiza avuye mu giciro cyo kugaburira ashingiye ku mategeko, ashobora guhinduka cyangwa guhagarikwa burundu igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Byongeye kandi, igiciro cyo kugaburira cyishyurwa gusa mugihe cyimyaka 20. Nyuma yibyo, ugomba kugurisha amashanyarazi yawe wenyine ukoresheje broker. Igiciro cyisoko ryamashanyarazi yizuba kuri ubu ni amafaranga 3 gusa kumasaha ya kilowatt. Kubwibyo, ugomba kwihatira gukoresha ingufu zizuba nyinshi zishoboka wowe ubwawe bityo ukagura bike bishoboka. Urashobora kubigeraho gusa hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika bateri yo murugo ihuye na fotokolotike yawe hamwe namashanyarazi ukeneye. Ishusho ya kilowh isobanura iki mububiko bwa batiri izuba? Isaha ya kilowatt (kWh) nigice cyo gupima imirimo y'amashanyarazi. Irerekana ingufu igikoresho cyamashanyarazi gitanga (generator) cyangwa ikoresha (umuguzi wamashanyarazi) mugihe cyisaha imwe. Tekereza itara rifite imbaraga za watts 100 (W) zaka amasaha 10. Hanyuma ibisubizo muri: 100 W * 10 h = 1000 Wh cyangwa 1 kWt. Kuri sisitemu yo kubika batiri murugo, iyi shusho irakubwira ingufu z'amashanyarazi ushobora kubika. Niba sisitemu yo kubika bateri yo murugo isobanuwe nkisaha 1 kilowatt, urashobora gukoresha ingufu zabitswe kugirango urumuri rwa watt 100 rwavuzwe haruguru rwaka amasaha 10 yuzuye. Ariko icyangombwa nuko ububiko bwizuba bwurugo bugomba kwishyurwa byuzuye! Ni ryari sisitemu yo kubika bateri murugo ifite agaciro? Nkuko ubushakashatsi bwabigaragaje, urashobora gukoresha 30% byamashanyarazi gusa yakozwe na sisitemu ya Photovoltaque wenyine. Hamwe no gukoresha aizuba rya batiri banki, agaciro kiyongera kuri 70% - 80%. Kugirango ubone inyungu, isaha ya kilowatt uhereye kububiko bwa batiri murugo izuba ntigomba kuba ihenze kurenza isaha ya kilowatt yaguzwe kumurongo rusange. Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque idafite banki yo murugo izuba Kugirango tumenye amortisation ya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque idafite banki yo murugo izuba, dukoresha urugero rukurikira indangagaciro: ● Igiciro cyizuba hamwe na kilowatt 5 (kWp) isohoka: 7500 $. Costs Ibiciro byinyongera (urugero guhuza sisitemu): amadorari 800. Costs Amafaranga yose yo kugura: amadorari 8300 Imirasire y'izuba hamwe nibisohoka 1 kilowatt itanga amasaha agera kuri 950 kilowatt kumwaka. Rero, umusaruro wose kuri sisitemu ni kilowatt 5 (5 * 950 kWh = 4,750 kWh kumwaka). Ibi bihwanye hafi na buri mwaka amashanyarazi akenewe mumuryango wabantu 4. Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, urashobora gukoresha amasaha agera kuri 30% cyangwa 1.425 kilowatt wenyine. Ntugomba kugura aya mashanyarazi mubikorwa rusange. Ku giciro cyamafaranga 30 kumasaha ya kilowatt, uzigama amadolari 427.5 mumashanyarazi yumwaka (1,425 * 0.3). Hejuru yibyo, winjiza kilowatt-3.325 mugaburira amashanyarazi muri gride (4,750 - 1,425). Igiciro cyo kugaburira muri iki gihe kigabanuka buri kwezi ku ijanisha rya 0.4 ku ijana. Mugihe cyinkunga yimyaka 20, igiciro cyo kugaburira ukwezi kwandikwa no gutangira gukoreshwa. Mu ntangiriro za 2021, igiciro cyo kugaburira cyari hafi 9 ku isaha ya kilowatt. Ibi bivuze ko igiciro cyo kugaburira umusaruro bivamo inyungu y'amadolari 299.25 (3,325 kWh * 0.09 euro). Kuzigama byose mubiciro byamashanyarazi rero ni 726.75. Rero, ishoramari muruganda ryakwishyura mugihe cyimyaka 11. Ariko, ibi ntibireba amafaranga yo kubungabunga buri mwaka kuri sisitemu yo hafi. 108.53 euro. Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque hamwe nububiko bwa batiri izuba Dufata amakuru amwe y'ibimera nkuko byavuzwe mu ngingo ibanza. Itegeko rivuga ko banki ya batiri ya lithium ion igomba kuba ifite ubushobozi bwo kubika nkimbaraga za sisitemu ya Photovoltaque. Rero, sisitemu yacu ifite kilowat 5 yibibari birimo urugo rwamashanyarazi rwizuba rufite ubushobozi bwa kilowat 5. Ukurikije igiciro mpuzandengo cyamadorari 800 kuri kilowatt-isaha yububiko bwavuzwe haruguru, igice cyo kubika kigura amadorari 4000. Igiciro cy'uruganda rero cyiyongera kugeza ku madolari 12300 (8300 + 4000). Murugero rwacu, nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, igihingwa gitanga kilowatt-4,750 kumwaka. Nyamara, hifashishijwe ikigega cyo kubikamo, kwikoresha ubwabyo byiyongera kugera kuri 80% by’amashanyarazi yatanzwe cyangwa amasaha 3800 kilowatt (4,750 * 0.8). Kubera ko udakeneye kugura aya mashanyarazi mubikorwa rusange, ubu uzigama amadorari 1140 yikiguzi cyamashanyarazi kumafaranga 30 (3800 * 0.3). Mugaburira kilowatt-950 isigaye (4,750 - 3800 kWh) muri gride, winjiza andi madorari 85.5 kumwaka (950 * 0.09) hamwe nigiciro cyo kugaburira hejuru kumafaranga 8. Ibi bivamo kuzigama buri mwaka ikiguzi cyamashanyarazi cyamadorari 1225.5. Uruganda hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika byakwishyura ubwabyo mugihe cyimyaka 10 kugeza 11. Na none, ntabwo twazirikanye amafaranga yo kubungabunga buri mwaka. Niki nakagombye kwitondera mugihe cyo kugura no gukoresha bateri yizuba murugo? Bitewe nubushobozi bwiza nubuzima burebure kuruta bateri ziyobora, ugomba kugura ububiko bwa batiri murugo hamwe na bateri ya lithium-ion. Menya neza ko bateri yizuba yo murugo ishobora kwihanganira inshuro 6000 zumuriro kandi ikabona ibyifuzo kubatanga ibicuruzwa byinshi. Hariho kandi itandukaniro ryinshi ryibiciro kuri sisitemu yo kubika bateri igezweho. Ugomba kandi kwishyiriraho banki yumuriro wizuba ahantu hakonje imbere yinzu. Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 30 bugomba kwirindwa. Ibikoresho ntibikwiriye gushyirwaho hanze yinyubako. Ugomba kandi gusohoralithium ion bateriburi gihe. Niba bakomeje kwishyurwa igihe kirekire, ibi bizagira ingaruka mbi mubuzima bwabo. Niba ukurikiza aya mabwiriza, banki yumuriro wizuba murugo izamara igihe kinini kurenza garanti yimyaka 10 isanzwe itangwa nababikora. Hamwe nimikoreshereze ikwiye, imyaka 15 nibindi birenze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2024