Litiyumu Iron Fosifate Ifungura Icyiciro gishya cyubushobozi bwo Kwiyongera & Kwaguka

Lithium fer fosifate (LifePo4) abakora ibikoresho barimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugirango bongere umusaruro. Ku ya 30 Kanama2021, Ningxiang Zone y’ikoranabuhanga i Hunan, mu Bushinwa yasinyanye amasezerano n’isosiyete ishora imari mu mushinga wa lithium fer fosifate. Hamwe n’ishoramari ingana na miliyari 12 Yuan, umushinga uzubaka umushinga wa lithium fer fosifate utanga umusaruro wa buri mwaka toni 200.000, kandi uzohereza imirongo 40 y’umusaruro. Isoko ryibicuruzwa rigenewe cyane cyane amasosiyete akomeye ya Batiri mu Bushinwa nka CATL, BYD, na BSLBATT. Mbere yibi, ku ya 27 Kanama, Ikoranabuhanga rya Longpan ryatanze ku mugaragaro imigabane ya A ku mugaragaro, ivuga ko biteganijwe ko izakusanya miliyari 2.2, izakoreshwa cyane cyane mu mishinga minini y’umusaruro w’ingufu nshya z’ingufu z’amashanyarazi no kubika ingufu ibikoresho bya cathode. Muri byo, umushinga mushya w'ingufu uzubaka umurongo wa lithium fer fosifate (LiFePo4) utangiza ibikoresho bigezweho byo mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo. Mbere, Felicity Precision yashyize ahagaragara gahunda yo gutanga ku mugaragaro muri Kamena uyu mwaka. Isosiyete irashaka gutanga imigabane itarenze 35 yihariye harimo nabafite imigabane igenzura isosiyete. Amafaranga yose yakusanyijwe ntazarenga miliyari 1.5, azakoreshwa mu mwaka w’ishoramari. Umusaruro wa toni 50.000 zingufu za lithium bateri ya cathode yimishinga yibikoresho, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu zubwenge sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike hamwe nibikorwa byingenzi hamwe nigishoro cyinyongera. Byongeye kandi, mu gice cya kabiri cya 2021, biteganijwe ko Defang Nano yongerera ingufu za fosifate ya lithium fer (LiFePo4) toni 70.000, Yuneng New Energy izagura umusaruro wayo kuri toni 50.000, naho Wanrun New Energy izagura umusaruro. ubushobozi kuri toni 30.000. Ntabwo aribyo gusa, ndetse nitsinda rya Longbai, Ubushinwa bwa Dioxyde ya Nucleaire ya Titanium, hamwe nabandi bakora uruganda rwa dioxyde de titanium nabo bakoresha inyungu yibiciro byibicuruzwa kugirango babyaze umusaruro wa lithium fer fosifate (LiFePo4) hakurya yumupaka. Ku ya 12 Kanama, Itsinda rya Longbai ryatangaje ko amashami yaryo yombi azashora miliyari 2 na miliyari 1,2 z'amadorari kugira ngo yubake imishinga ibiri ya Batiri LiFePo4. Imibare ijyanye n’inganda yerekana ko muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, bateri yo mu gihugu LiFePo4 yashyizwemo mu mateka yarenze bateri ya ternary: Amashanyarazi yose y’imbere mu gihugu yashyizweho muri Nyakanga yari 11.3GWh, muri yo yose yashyizweho na batiri ya litiro ya litiro yari 5.5GWh, ikiyongera ya 67.5% umwaka-ku-mwaka. Ukwezi ku kwezi kugabanuka kwa 8.2%; Batteri ya LiFePo4 yose yashyizwemo 5.8GWh, umwaka-ku mwaka wiyongera 235.5%, naho ukwezi-ukwezi kwiyongera 13.4%. Mubyukuri, nko mumwaka ushize, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwa batiri ya LiFePo4 yarenze amafaranga atatu. Muri 2020, ubushobozi bwa batiri ya litiro ya litiro yari 38.9GWh, bingana na 61.1% by'imodoka zose zashyizweho, igabanuka rya 4.1% umwaka ushize; ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo ingufu za batiri za LiFePo4 bwari 24.4GWh, bingana na 38.3% byimodoka zose zashyizweho, ubwiyongere bwa 20,6% umwaka ushize. Kubijyanye nibisohoka, bateri ya LiFePo4 yamaze kuzunguruka kuri ternary. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, umusaruro rusange wa bateri ya litiro ya litiro yari 44.8GWh, bingana na 48.7% by’umusaruro wose, umubare w’umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 148.2%; umusaruro mwinshi wa batiri ya LiFePo4 wari 47.0GWh, bingana na 51.1% byumusaruro wose, wiyongereyeho 310.6% umwaka ushize. Umuyobozi wa BYD akaba na Perezida Wang Chuanfu, bahanganye n’igitero gikomeye cya fosifate ya lithium, bishimye cyane bati: Umuyobozi wa CATL, Zeng Yuqun, yavuze kandi ko CATL izagenda yongera buhoro buhoro igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu za LiFePo4 mu myaka 3 kugeza kuri 4 iri imbere, kandi igipimo cy’ubushobozi bwa batiri ya ternary kizagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Twabibutsa ko vuba aha, abakoresha muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika batumije verisiyo yubuzima busanzwe bwa bateri ya Model 3 bakiriye imeri ivuga ko niba bashaka kubona imodoka mbere, bashobora guhitamo bateri za LiFePo4 ziva mubushinwa. Muri icyo gihe, moderi ya batiri ya LiFePo4 yagaragaye no mu bubiko bw'icyitegererezo cyo muri Amerika. Umuyobozi mukuru wa Tesla, Musk, yatangaje ko akunda bateri za LiFePo4 kubera ko zishobora kwishyurwa 100%, mu gihe bateri ya lithium ya ternary isabwa 90% gusa. Mubyukuri, nko mu mwaka ushize, esheshatu mu modoka 10 za mbere z’ingufu zagurishijwe ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa zari zimaze gushyira ahagaragara verisiyo ya fosifate ya lithium. Moderi iturika nka Tesla Model3, BYD Han na Wuling Hongguang Mini EV bose bakoresha bateri ya LiFePo4. Biteganijwe ko Lithium fer fosifate irenze bateri ya ternary kugirango ibe imiti yiganjemo ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu myaka 10 iri imbere. Nyuma yo kugera ikirenge mu ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu, izagenda ifata umwanya wiganje mu bijyanye n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.