Imirasire y'izuba kuri gride, sisitemu y'izuba hamwe na sisitemu y'izuba, ni ibihe?

Abamenyereye ingufu z'izuba barashobora gutandukanya byoroshye imirasire y'izuba kuri gride, imirasire y'izuba itari gride, naimirasire y'izuba. Nyamara, kubatarashakisha ubundi buryo bwo murugo kugirango babone amashanyarazi aturuka ku mbaraga zitanduye, itandukaniro rishobora kutagaragara. Kugira ngo ukureho gushidikanya, tuzakubwira icyo buri kintu kigizwe, kimwe nibice byingenzi byingenzi nibyiza nibibi. Hariho ubwoko butatu bwibanze bwimirasire yizuba. Systems Imirasire y'izuba ihujwe na gride Systems Sisitemu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba (sisitemu y'izuba hamwe n'ububiko bwa batiri) Imirasire y'izuba Buri bwoko bwizuba ryizuba rifite ibyiza nibibi, kandi tuzagabanya ibyo ukeneye kumenya kugirango umenye ubwoko bwiza mubihe byawe. Imirasire y'izuba Kuri gride Solar Sisitemu, izwi kandi nka grid-karuvati, imikoranire yingirakamaro, imiyoboro ya interineti, cyangwa ibitekerezo bya gride, iramenyekana mumazu no mubucuruzi. Bahujwe na gride yingirakamaro, ikenewe kugirango ikore sisitemu ya PV. Urashobora gukoresha ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba ku manywa, ariko nijoro cyangwa iyo izuba ritaka, urashobora gukoresha ingufu ziva kuri gride, kandi bikagufasha kohereza hanze ingufu zose zizuba zikomoka kuri gride, shaka inguzanyo kandi uyikoreshe nyuma kugirango wishyure fagitire zawe. Mbere yo kugura imirasire y'izuba kuri gride Solar Systems, ni ngombwa kumenya ingano nini uzakenera kugirango ukemure ibyo ukeneye byose murugo. Mugihe cyo gushyiramo imirasire y'izuba, modules ya PV ihujwe na inverter. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwizuba riva kumasoko, ariko byose bikora ikintu kimwe: guhindura amashanyarazi (DC) amashanyarazi aturuka ku zuba ahinduranya amashanyarazi (AC) akenewe kugirango akoreshe ibikoresho byinshi byo murugo. Ibyiza bya gride ihuza izuba 1. Uzigame bije yawe Hamwe nubu bwoko bwa sisitemu, ntukeneye kugura ububiko bwa batiri murugo kuko uzaba ufite sisitemu igaragara - gride yingirakamaro. Ntabwo bisaba kubungabunga cyangwa gusimburwa, kubwibyo ntamafaranga yinyongera. Mubyongeyeho, sisitemu ihujwe na gride mubisanzwe biroroshye kandi bihendutse gushiraho. 2. 95% gukora neza Dukurikije imibare ya EIA, igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza ku rwego rw'igihugu ku kigereranyo cya 5% by'amashanyarazi yoherejwe muri Amerika. Muyandi magambo, sisitemu yawe izagera kuri 95% ikora neza mubuzima bwayo bwose. Ibinyuranye, bateri ya acide-acide, isanzwe ikoreshwa nizuba, ikoresha 80-90% gusa mukubika ingufu, ndetse ikanangirika mugihe. 3. Nta kibazo cyo kubika Imirasire y'izuba mubisanzwe izatanga ingufu zirenze izikenewe. Hamwe na net metering programme yagenewe sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro, urashobora kohereza imbaraga zirenze kuri gride yingirakamaro aho kuyibika muri bateri. Kugereranya Net - Nkumuguzi, net net iguha inyungu zikomeye. Muri iyi gahunda, metero imwe, inzira-ebyiri zikoreshwa mukwandika imbaraga ukura muri gride nimbaraga zirenze sisitemu igaburira kuri gride. Imetero izunguruka iyo ukoresheje amashanyarazi hanyuma ugasubira inyuma iyo amashanyarazi arenze yinjiye muri gride. Niba, ukwezi kurangiye, ukoresha amashanyarazi arenze sisitemu itanga, wishyura igiciro cyo kugurisha ingufu zinyongera. Niba utanga amashanyarazi arenze ayo ukoresha, utanga amashanyarazi mubisanzwe azaguhemba amashanyarazi yinyongera kubiciro wirinze. Inyungu nyayo yo gupima net ni uko utanga amashanyarazi ahanini yishyura igiciro cyo kugurisha amashanyarazi ugaburira muri gride. 4. Amasoko yinyongera yinjiza Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, banyiri amazu bashiraho izuba bazahabwa Solar Renewable Energy Certificate (SREC) ku mbaraga batanga. SREC irashobora kugurishwa binyuze mumasoko yaho kubikorwa bifuza kubahiriza amabwiriza yingufu zishobora kubaho. Niba ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, impuzandengo yo muri Amerika irashobora kubyara SRECs zigera kuri 11 ku mwaka, zishobora kwinjiza amadorari 2,500 ku ngengo y’urugo. Imirasire y'izuba Imirasire y'izuba itari gride irashobora gukora itisunze gride. Kugirango babigereho, bakeneye ibyuma byinyongera - sisitemu yo kubika batiri murugo (mubisanzwe a48V ipaki ya batiri). Imirasire y'izuba itari munsi ya gride (off-grid, stand-wenyine) nubundi buryo bugaragara bwo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba. Kubafite amazu bafite uburyo bwo kubona amashanyarazi, imirasire y'izuba itari gride mubisanzwe ntibishoboka. Impamvu nizo zikurikira. Kugirango umenye neza ko amashanyarazi ahora aboneka, sisitemu yizuba ya gride ikenera ububiko bwa batiri hamwe na generator yinyuma (niba utuye kuri gride). Icyingenzi cyane, paki ya litiro isanzwe ikenera gusimburwa nyuma yimyaka 10. Batteri iragoye, ihenze kandi irashobora kugabanya imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange. Kubantu bafite ibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe byo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi, nko mububiko, kumenagura ibikoresho, uruzitiro, RV, ubwato, cyangwa cabine, izuba ritari kuri gride rirababereye. Kuberako sisitemu yihagararaho yonyine idahujwe na gride, ingufu zose zizuba ingirabuzimafatizo za PV zifata - kandi urashobora kubika muri selile - nimbaraga zose ufite. 1.Ni amahitamo meza kumazu adashobora guhuza gride Aho kugirango ushireho ibirometero byumurongo wamashanyarazi murugo rwawe kugirango uhuze na gride, jya kuri gride. Nibihendutse kuruta gushiraho imirongo yamashanyarazi, mugihe utanga hafi kwizerwa nka sisitemu ihujwe na gride. Na none kandi, amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni igisubizo gifatika mu turere twa kure. 2. Kwihaza byuzuye Tugarutse kumunsi, niba urugo rwawe rutarahujwe na gride, ntaburyo bwokubigira imbaraga zihagije. Hamwe na sisitemu ya off-grid, urashobora kugira ingufu 24/7, bitewe na bateri zibika imbaraga zawe. Kugira imbaraga zihagije murugo rwawe byongera urwego rwumutekano. Byongeye, ntuzigera ugira ingaruka kumunaniro wamashanyarazi kuko ufite isoko yihariye y'urugo rwawe. Ibikoresho bituruka ku mirasire y'izuba Kuberako sisitemu ya gride idahujwe na gride, igomba kuba yarateguwe neza kugirango itange ingufu zihagije umwaka wose. Imirasire y'izuba isanzwe ikenera ibice bikurikira. 1. Umugenzuzi w'izuba 2. 48V ya batiri ya litiro 3. DC guhagarika switch (inyongera) 4. Off-grid inverter 5. Imashini itanga amashanyarazi (itabishaka) 6. Imirasire y'izuba Imirasire y'izuba ni iki? Imirasire y'izuba igezweho ihuza ingufu z'izuba hamwe n'ububiko bwa batiri muri sisitemu imwe none ikaza muburyo bwinshi butandukanye. Kubera igabanuka ryibiciro byo kubika bateri, sisitemu zimaze guhuzwa na gride nayo irashobora gutangira gukoresha ububiko bwa batiri. Ibi bivuze kuba ushobora kubika ingufu z'izuba zitangwa kumanywa no kuzikoresha nijoro. Iyo ingufu zabitswe zirangiye, gride iba ihari nka backup, igaha abakiriya ibyiza byisi byombi. Sisitemu ya Hybrid irashobora kandi gukoresha amashanyarazi ahendutse kugirango yishyure bateri (mubisanzwe nyuma ya saa sita zijoro kugeza saa kumi n'ebyiri za mugitondo). Ubu bushobozi bwo kubika ingufu butuma sisitemu nyinshi zivanga zikoreshwa nkisoko yinyuma yamashanyarazi no mugihe cyamashanyarazi, bisa na amurugo sisitemu ya UPS. Ubusanzwe, ijambo Hybrid ryerekeza ku masoko abiri y’amashanyarazi, nk'umuyaga n'izuba, ariko ijambo rya vuba "imirasire y'izuba" ryerekeza ku guhunika izuba hamwe na batiri, bitandukanye na sisitemu yihariye ihujwe na gride . Sisitemu ya Hybrid, nubwo ihenze cyane bitewe nigiciro cyiyongereye cya bateri, yemerera ba nyirayo kugumisha amatara mugihe gride yamanutse ndetse birashobora no kugabanya amafaranga asabwa kubucuruzi. Ibyiza bya sisitemu yizuba Kubika ingufu z'izuba cyangwa ingufu zihenze (off-peak). . Emerera ingufu z'izuba gukoreshwa mu masaha yo hejuru (gukoresha mu buryo bwikora cyangwa guhindura imitwaro) ● Imbaraga ziboneka mugihe cya gride cyangwa amashanyarazi - imikorere ya UPS Gushoboza kuyobora imbaraga ziterambere (ni ukuvuga kogosha cyane) Emerera ubwigenge bw'ingufu Kugabanya gukoresha ingufu kuri gride (kugabanya ibisabwa) . Emerera ingufu zisukuye Byinshi mubipimo, bizaza-izuba murugo Wuzuze itandukaniro riri hagati ya gride-ihujwe, itari grid, kimwe na sisitemu yimibumbe Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba kwitaho muguhitamo izuba ryiza kugirango uhuze ibyo usabwa. Abantu bagerageza kubona umudendezo wuzuye w'amashanyarazi, cyangwa abo mu turere twa kure, barashobora guhitamo izuba ridafite amashanyarazi hamwe nububiko bwa batiri. Ikiguzi cyinshi kubaguzi basanzwe bifuza kujya mu bidukikije kandi bikagabanya ibiciro byamashanyarazi murugo - bitanga uko isoko ryifashe ubu - ni izuba rifatanije nizuba. Uracyafite imbaraga, nyamara imbaraga-zihagije. Menya ko niba guhagarika ingufu ari bigufi kimwe nibidasanzwe, ushobora guhura nibibazo. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, niba utuye ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’umuriro cyangwa ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa na serwakira, sisitemu ya Hybrid irashobora kuba nziza kubitekerezaho. Umubare munini wimanza, amasosiyete yamashanyarazi ahagarika amashanyarazi igihe kirekire kimwe nigihe gihoraho - amategeko - kubwimpamvu z'umutekano rusange. Ibyo biterwa nibikoresho bifasha ubuzima ntibishobora gukemura. Ibyavuzwe haruguru ni isesengura ryibyiza byo gutandukanya imirasire y'izuba ihuza imiyoboro, imirasire y'izuba itari gride hamwe nizuba. Nubwo igiciro cya sisitemu yizuba ya Hybrid aricyo kinini, kuko igiciro cya bateri ya lithium kigabanuka, bizaba bizwi cyane. Sisitemu ihenze cyane.