Ububiko bwa Batteri yo guturamo 2022 Ubuyobozi |Ubwoko, Ibiciro, Inyungu ..

Ndetse no muri 2022, ububiko bwa PV buzakomeza kuba ingingo zishyushye, kandi kubika batiri yo guturamo nigice cyiyongera cyane cyizuba ryizuba, bigatanga amasoko mashya nuburyo bwo kwagura imirasire yizuba kumazu nubucuruzi binini na bito ku isi.Ububiko bwa batirini ingenzi kurugo urwo arirwo rwose, cyane cyane mugihe habaye umuyaga cyangwa ibindi byihutirwa.Aho kohereza ingufu z'izuba zirenze kuri gride, bite ho kubibika muri bateri kugirango byihutirwa?Ariko ni gute ingufu z'izuba zibitswe zishobora kubyara inyungu?Tuzakumenyesha kubijyanye nigiciro ninyungu za sisitemu yo kubika batiri murugo no kwerekana ingingo zingenzi ugomba kuzirikana mugihe uguze sisitemu yo kubika neza. Sisitemu yo Kubitsa Batiri ni iki? Ububiko bwa batiri yo guturamo cyangwa sisitemu yo kubika fotokoltaque ninyongera yingirakamaro kuri sisitemu ya Photovoltaque kugirango yungukire ku nyungu z’izuba kandi izagira uruhare runini mu kwihutisha gusimbuza ibicanwa by’ingufu n’ingufu zishobora kubaho.Batare yo murugo izuba ibika amashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba ikayirekura uyikoresha mugihe gikenewe.Amashanyarazi ya bateri ni meza yangiza ibidukikije kandi ahenze muburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga gaze. Abakoresha sisitemu yo gufotora kugirango batange amashanyarazi ubwabo bazagera vuba aho bigarukira.Ku manywa y'ihangu, sisitemu itanga ingufu nyinshi z'izuba, gusa noneho ntamuntu numwe wabikoresha murugo.Ku mugoroba, hakenewe amashanyarazi menshi - ariko rero izuba ntirirasa.Kugirango hishyurwe icyuho cyo gutanga, amashanyarazi ahenze cyane agurwa numuyoboro wa gride. Muri ibi bihe, kubika bateri yo guturamo byanze bikunze.Ibi bivuze ko amashanyarazi adakoreshwa kuva kumunsi aboneka nimugoroba nijoro.Amashanyarazi yikorera ubwayo rero araboneka kumasaha kandi tutitaye kubihe.Muri ubu buryo, gukoresha ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba byiyongereye kugera kuri 80%.Urwego rwo kwihaza, ni ukuvuga igipimo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi gitwikiriwe nizuba, cyiyongera kugera kuri 60%. Ububiko bwa batiri butuye ni buto cyane kuruta firigo kandi irashobora gushirwa kurukuta mucyumba cyingirakamaro.Sisitemu yo kubika igezweho irimo ubwenge bwinshi bushobora gukoresha iteganyagihe hamwe na algorithms yo kwigira kugirango igabanye urugo kwinshi.Kugera ku bwigenge bw'ingufu ntabwo byigeze byoroha - nubwo urugo rukomeza guhuzwa na gride. Sisitemu yo Kubika Bateri yo murugo irakwiye?Nibihe bintu Biterwa? Kubika batiri yo guturamo birakenewe kugirango inzu ikoreshwa nizuba ikomeze gukora mumashanyarazi yose kandi rwose izakora nimugoroba.Ariko nanone, bateri yizuba itezimbere ubukungu bwubucuruzi bwa sisitemu mugukomeza ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba byanze bikunze byasubizwa kuri gride igihombo, gusa kugirango usubiremo ingufu z'amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe mugihe amashanyarazi ahenze cyane.Ububiko bwa batiri yo munzu butuma nyir'izuba atananirwa na gride kandi ikingira sisitemu yubukungu bwubucuruzi hamwe nimpinduka mubiciro byingufu. Niba bikwiye gushora imari biterwa nibintu byinshi: Urwego rwibiciro byishoramari. Hasi igiciro kuri kilowatt-isaha yubushobozi, sisitemu yo kubika vuba izishyura ubwayo. Ubuzima bwaimirasire y'izuba Garanti yinganda yimyaka 10 iramenyerewe muruganda.Ariko, ubuzima burambye burafatwa.Bateri nyinshi zo murugo izuba hamwe na tekinoroji ya lithium-ion ikora neza mugihe cyimyaka 20. Mugabane w'amashanyarazi wenyine Kurenza izuba ryinshi ryongera kwikoresha, birashoboka cyane ko biba byiza. Amashanyarazi agura iyo yaguzwe muri gride Iyo ibiciro by'amashanyarazi biri hejuru, abafite sisitemu ya Photovoltaque bazigama bakoresha amashanyarazi ubwayo.Mu myaka mike iri imbere, biteganijwe ko ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bizakomeza kwiyongera, bityo benshi bakabona ko bateri yizuba ishoramari ryiza. Imiyoboro ihujwe na gride Abafite imirasire y'izuba nkeya bakira kuri kilowatt-isaha, niko ibishyura kugirango babike amashanyarazi aho kuyagaburira muri gride.Mu myaka 20 ishize, ibiciro byahujwe na gride byagabanutse kandi bizakomeza kubikora. Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Bateri yo murugo Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu zirahari? Sisitemu yo kubika batiri murugo itanga inyungu nyinshi, zirimo kwihangana, kuzigama amafaranga no kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi (bizwi kandi nka "sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza urugo").None ni ibihe byiciro bya bateri yo murugo?Tugomba guhitamo dute? Itondekanya ryimikorere kubikorwa byububiko: 1. Murugo UPS Amashanyarazi Iyi ni serivisi yo mu rwego rwinganda kugirango isubizwemo imbaraga bisaba ko ibitaro, ibyumba byamakuru, guverinoma ihuriweho na leta cyangwa amasoko ya gisirikare bisaba ko hakomeza kubaho ibikoresho byingenzi kandi byoroshye.Hamwe n'inzu UPS itanga amashanyarazi, amatara murugo rwawe ntashobora no guhindagurika mugihe amashanyarazi yananiwe.Inzu nyinshi ntizikeneye cyangwa zigamije kwishyura kuri uru rwego rwo kwizerwa - keretse niba zikoresha ibikoresho byamavuriro murugo rwawe. 2. 'Guhagarika' Amashanyarazi (inzu yuzuye inyuma). Intambwe ikurikira ivuye muri UPS nicyo tuzita 'amashanyarazi adahagarara', cyangwa IPS.IPS rwose izafasha inzu yawe yose gukomeza gukora ku zuba & bateri niba gride yamanutse, ariko rwose uzabona igihe gito (amasegonda abiri) aho ibintu byose bigenda byirabura cyangwa imvi murugo rwawe nka sisitemu yo gusubiza inyuma yinjira ibikoresho.Urashobora gukenera gusubiramo amasaha yawe ya elegitoronike, ariko usibye ko uzashobora gukoresha ibikoresho byose byo murugo nkuko bisanzwe mubisanzwe mugihe bateri yawe yamara. 3. Ibihe byihutirwa byo gutanga amashanyarazi (igice cyinyuma). Bimwe mubikorwa byububiko bwibikorwa bikora mugukora ibintu byihutirwa mugihe bigaragaye ko gride yagabanutse.Ibi bizemerera ibikoresho byinzu byinzu bifitanye isano nu muzunguruko - mubisanzwe frigo, amatara kimwe n’amashanyarazi make yabigenewe - gukomeza gukora bateri na / cyangwa paneli yerekana amashanyarazi mugihe cyumwijima.Ubu buryo bwo gusubira inyuma birashoboka cyane ko ari bumwe mu buryo buzwi cyane, bushyize mu gaciro kandi bukoresha ingengo y’imari ku mazu ku isi, kuko gukoresha inzu yose kuri banki ya batiri bizahita bivaho. 4. Igice cya off-grid Solar & Ububiko. Ihitamo rya nyuma rishobora kuba ijisho ni 'igice cya sisitemu ya gride'.Hamwe na sisitemu ya off-grid igice, igitekerezo nukubyara igice cyitiriwe 'off-grid' cyurugo, gihora gikora kuri sisitemu yizuba & bateri nini bihagije kugirango ibungabunge idakuye ingufu muri gride.Muri ubu buryo, ubufindo bukenewe mumuryango (firigo, amatara, nibindi) guma guma nubwo gride yamanuka, nta guhungabana.Mubyongeyeho, kubera ko izuba & bateri bifite ubunini bwo gukora ubuziraherezo bonyine nta gride, ntihakenewe kugabura imikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi keretse niba ibikoresho byongewe byacometse mumashanyarazi. Gutondekanya muri Bateriyeri Yubuhanga: Amashanyarazi ya Acide-Acide Nkububiko bwa Batiri Bateri ya aside-asideni bateri za kera zishobora kwishyurwa hamwe na bateri ihendutse iboneka kubika ingufu kumasoko.Bagaragaye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishize, mu myaka ya za 1900, kandi kugeza na n'ubu baracyari bateri zikunzwe muri porogaramu nyinshi kubera imbaraga zabo ndetse n'igiciro gito. Ingaruka zabo nyamukuru ni imbaraga nke zabo (ziremereye kandi nini) hamwe nigihe gito cyigihe cyo kubaho, kutemera umubare munini wokuzamura no gupakurura, bateri ya aside-aside isaba gufata neza kugirango uhuze chimie muri bateri, bityo ibiranga kora bidakwiriye kurwego rwo hejuru cyangwa rwinshi rusohora cyangwa porogaramu zimara imyaka 10 cyangwa irenga. Bafite kandi imbogamizi zubujyakuzimu buke bwo gusohora, ubusanzwe bugarukira kuri 80% mugihe gikabije cyangwa 20% mubikorwa bisanzwe, kugirango ubeho igihe kirekire.Kurenza urugero bitesha agaciro electrode ya bateri, igabanya ubushobozi bwayo bwo kubika ingufu kandi ikagabanya ubuzima bwayo. Batteri ya aside-aside isaba guhora ikomeza uko yishyuye kandi igomba guhora ibitswe murwego rwo hejuru rwamafaranga ikoresheje tekinike yo kureremba (kubungabunga amafaranga hamwe numuyoboro muto w'amashanyarazi, bihagije kugirango uhagarike ingaruka zo kwikuramo). Izi bateri zishobora kuboneka muburyo butandukanye.Ibikunze kugaragara cyane ni bateri zashizwemo, zikoresha amashanyarazi ya electrolyte, valve igenga bateri ya gel (VRLA) hamwe na bateri hamwe na electrolyte yashyizwe mumatara ya fiberglass (izwi nka AGM - materi yikirahure), ifite imikorere hagati kandi igabanya igiciro ugereranije na bateri ya gel. Batteri igenzurwa na Valve ifunze rwose, irinda kumeneka no gukama electrolyte.Umuyoboro ukora mukurekura gaze mubihe birenze urugero. Batiyeri zimwe na zimwe ziyobora aside zikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda zihagaze kandi birashobora kwemera gusohora byimbitse.Hariho na verisiyo igezweho, ariyo bateri ya karubone.Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri karubone byongewe kuri electrode bitanga amafaranga menshi kandi asohora amashanyarazi, ingufu nyinshi, nubuzima burebure. Inyungu imwe ya bateri ya aside-aside (muburyo butandukanye) nuko badakenera sisitemu yo gucunga neza (nkuko bimeze kuri bateri ya lithium, tuzareba ubutaha).Bateri ziyobora ntizishobora gufata umuriro no guturika mugihe zirenze urugero kuko electrolyte yabo idacana nkubwa bateri ya lithium. Nanone, kwishyuza bike ntabwo ari bibi muri ubu bwoko bwa bateri.Ndetse na bamwe mubashinzwe kwishyuza bafite ibikorwa byo kuringaniza birenze gato bateri cyangwa banki ya batiri, bigatuma bateri zose zigera kumurongo wuzuye. Mugihe cyo kuringaniza, bateri amaherezo zishiramo byuzuye mbere yizindi zizaba zongerewe ingufu nkeya, nta ngaruka, mugihe ikigezweho kigenda gisanzwe binyuze mumurongo wibintu.Muri ubu buryo, twavuga ko bateri ziyobora zifite ubushobozi bwo kunganya ubusanzwe nubusumbane buto hagati ya bateri ya bateri cyangwa hagati ya bateri ya banki idatanga ingaruka. Imikorere:Imikorere ya bateri ya aside-aside iri hasi cyane ugereranije na bateri ya lithium.Mugihe imikorere iterwa nigipimo cyo kwishyurwa, ingendo-ngendo-ya 85% mubisanzwe ifatwa. Ubushobozi bwo kubika:Bateri ya aside-aside ije mu ntera ya voltage nubunini, ariko ipima inshuro 2-3 kuri kilowati kurenza fosifate ya lithium fer, bitewe nubwiza bwa bateri. Igiciro cya Batiri:Bateri ya aside-aside ihendutse 75% ugereranije na batiri ya lithium fer fosifate, ariko ntukabeshywe nigiciro gito.Izi bateri ntizishobora kwishyurwa cyangwa gusohoka vuba, zifite ubuzima bucye cyane, ntizifite uburyo bwo gucunga bateri ikingira, kandi birashobora no kubungabungwa buri cyumweru.Ibi bivamo igiciro kinini muri buri cyiciro kuruta gushyira mu gaciro kugabanya ibiciro byamashanyarazi cyangwa gushyigikira ibikoresho biremereye. Batteri ya Litiyumu Nka Bateri Yibitse Kugeza ubu, bateri zatsindiye cyane mubucuruzi ni bateri ya lithium-ion.Nyuma ya tekinoroji ya lithium-ion ikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa, yinjiye mubice byinganda zikoreshwa mu nganda, sisitemu y’amashanyarazi, ububiko bw’ingufu za Photovoltaque n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Batteri ya Litiyumukurenza ubundi bwoko bwinshi bwa bateri zishobora kwishyurwa mubice byinshi, harimo ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu, umubare winshingano zumushahara, umuvuduko wo kwishyuza, hamwe no gukoresha neza.Kugeza ubu, ikibazo cyonyine ni umutekano, amashanyarazi yaka umuriro ashobora gufata umuriro ku bushyuhe bwinshi, bisaba ko hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Litiyumu ni yo yoroheje mu byuma byose, ifite ingufu nyinshi z’amashanyarazi, kandi itanga ingufu zingana n’ingufu nyinshi kuruta ubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji izwi. Ikoranabuhanga rya Litiyumu-ion ryatumye bishoboka gutwara ikoreshwa rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, cyane cyane ifitanye isano n’isoko ry’ingufu zishobora kubaho rimwe na rimwe (izuba n’umuyaga), kandi ryanatumye hajyaho ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ikoreshwa muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ni ubwoko bwamazi.Izi bateri zikoresha imiterere gakondo ya batiri yamashanyarazi, hamwe na electrode ebyiri zinjijwe mumashanyarazi ya electrolyte. Gutandukanya (ibikoresho byifashisha byifashisha) bikoreshwa mugutandukanya imashini ya electrode mugihe yemerera kugenda kwa ion kubuntu binyuze mumazi ya electrolyte. Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga electrolyte ni ukwemerera gutwara imiyoboro ya ionic (ikorwa na ion, ikaba ari atom ifite ibirenze cyangwa ibura electron), mugihe itemerera electron kunyura (nkuko bibaho mubikoresho bitwara).Guhana ion hagati ya electrode nziza kandi itari nziza niyo shingiro ryimikorere ya bateri yamashanyarazi. Ubushakashatsi kuri bateri ya lithium burashobora guhera mu myaka ya za 70, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryarakuze ritangira gukoreshwa mu bucuruzi nko mu myaka ya za 90. Batteri ya Lithium polymer (hamwe na polymer electrolytite) ubu ikoreshwa muri terefone ya batiri, mudasobwa ndetse n’ibikoresho bitandukanye bigendanwa, isimbuza bateri ya nikel-kadmium ishaje, ikibazo nyamukuru kikaba "ingaruka zo kwibuka" zigabanya buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwo kubika.Iyo bateri yishyuwe mbere yuko isohoka neza. Ugereranije na bateri ya nikel-kadmium ishaje, cyane cyane bateri ya aside-aside, bateri ya lithium-ion ifite ingufu nyinshi (ibika ingufu nyinshi kuri buri jwi), ifite coeffisiyeti yo hasi yo kwisohora, kandi irashobora kwihanganira kwishyurwa kwinshi numubare wikizunguruka , bivuze ubuzima burebure. Ahagana mu ntangiriro ya 2000, bateri za lithium zatangiye gukoreshwa mu nganda z’imodoka.Ahagana mu mwaka wa 2010, bateri ya lithium-ion yungutse inyungu mu kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu bikorwa byo guturamo kandisisitemu nini ya ESS (Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu) sisitemu, ahanini bitewe no kwiyongera kwingufu zamashanyarazi kwisi yose.Ingufu zisubirwamo rimwe na rimwe (izuba n'umuyaga). Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion irashobora kugira imikorere itandukanye, igihe cyo kubaho, nigiciro, bitewe nuburyo byakozwe.Ibikoresho byinshi byasabwe, cyane cyane kuri electrode. Mubisanzwe, bateri ya lithium igizwe na metero ya lithium ishingiye kuri electrode ikora itumanaho ryiza rya bateri na karubone (grafite) electrode ikora itumanaho ribi. Ukurikije tekinoroji yakoreshejwe, electrode ishingiye kuri lithium irashobora kugira imiterere itandukanye.Ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mugukora bateri ya lithium nibiranga nyamukuru biranga bateri nibi bikurikira: Litiyumu na Oxide ya Cobalt (LCO):Ingufu zidasanzwe (Wh / kg), ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubika hamwe nubuzima bushimishije (umubare wikiziga), bikwiranye nibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibibi ni imbaraga zihariye (W / kg) Ntoya, kugabanya umuvuduko wo gupakira no gupakurura; Oxide ya Litiyumu na Manganese (LMO):Emera kwishyurwa hejuru no gusohora amashanyarazi afite ingufu zidasanzwe (Wh / kg), igabanya ubushobozi bwo kubika; Litiyumu, Nickel, Manganese na Cobalt (NMC):Ihuza imiterere ya bateri ya LCO na LMO. Byongeye kandi, kuba nikel iri mubigize bifasha kongera ingufu zihariye, bitanga ubushobozi bunini bwo kubika.Nickel, manganese na cobalt birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye (gushigikira umwe cyangwa undi) bitewe n'ubwoko bwa porogaramu.Muri rusange, ibisubizo byuruvange ni bateri ifite imikorere myiza, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubika, kuramba, nigiciro gito. Litiyumu, nikel, manganese na cobalt (NMC):Ihuza ibiranga bateri ya LCO na LMO.Mubyongeyeho, kuba hari nikel mubigize bifasha kuzamura ingufu zihariye, bitanga ubushobozi bunini bwo kubika.Nickel, manganese na cobalt birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, ukurikije ubwoko bwa porogaramu (kugirango ushimishe kimwe kiranga cyangwa ikindi).Muri rusange, ibisubizo byuruvange ni bateri ifite imikorere myiza, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubika, ubuzima bwiza, nigiciro giciriritse.Ubu bwoko bwa bateri bwakoreshejwe cyane mumodoka yamashanyarazi kandi burakwiriye na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zihagaze; Litiyumu Iron Fosifate (LFP):Ihuriro rya LFP ritanga bateri zifite imikorere myiza yingirakamaro (kwishyuza no gusohora umuvuduko), igihe kirekire no kongera umutekano bitewe nubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro.Kubura nikel na cobalt mubigize bigabanya igiciro kandi byongera kuboneka kwa bateri zo gukora cyane.Nubwo ubushobozi bwayo bwo kubika butari hejuru, bwakiriwe n’abakora ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kubera ibintu byinshi biranga inyungu, cyane cyane igiciro cyayo gito kandi gikomeye; Litiyumu na Titanium (LTO):Izina ryerekeza kuri bateri zifite titanium na lithium muri imwe muri electrode, igasimbuza karubone, mugihe electrode ya kabiri nimwe ikoreshwa murimwe mubundi bwoko (nka NMC - lithium, manganese na cobalt).Nubwo imbaraga zidasanzwe (zisobanura kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kubika), uku guhuza bifite imikorere myiza yingirakamaro, umutekano mwiza, kandi byongera ubuzima bwa serivisi.Batteri yubu bwoko irashobora kwakira inshuro zirenga 10,000 zikora kumurongo wimbitse 100%, mugihe ubundi bwoko bwa bateri ya lithium yakira hafi 2000. Batteri ya LiFePO4 iruta bateri ya aside-aside ifite imbaraga zingana cyane, ubwinshi bwingufu nuburemere buke.Niba bateri isohoka buri gihe muri 50% DOD hanyuma igashiramo byuzuye, bateri ya LiFePO4 irashobora gukora inshuro zigera ku 6.500.Ishoramari ryiyongereye rero ryishura mugihe kirekire, kandi igiciro / imikorere iguma idatsindwa.Nibihitamo guhitamo gukoresha ubudahwema nka bateri yizuba. Imikorere:Kwishyuza no kurekura bateri bifite 98% byuzuye byingirakamaro mugihe byishyurwa byihuse kandi bikanarekurwa mugihe kitarenze amasaha 2 - ndetse byihuse kubuzima bugabanuka. Ubushobozi bwo kubika: ipaki ya lithium fer fosifate ipaki irashobora kuba hejuru ya 18 kWh, ikoresha umwanya muto kandi ipima munsi ya batiri ya aside-aside ifite ubushobozi bumwe. Igiciro cya Batiri.