Guhindura Ububiko bwa Batiri Murugo BirakwiyeAmashanyarazi yihagije ashoboka ntabwo akora adafite sisitemu yo kubika izuba. Guhindura rero rero birumvikana kuri sisitemu ya PV ishaje.Nibyiza kubihe: Niyo mpamvu bikwiye guhindura uburyo bwo kubika amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.Uwitekasisitemu yo kubika batiri izubaibika amashanyarazi asagutse kuburyo ushobora kuyakoresha nyuma. Ufatanije na sisitemu ya PV, urashobora kandi guha inzu yawe ingufu z'izuba nijoro cyangwa mugihe izuba riva.Ubukungu kuruhande, burigihe nibintu byubwenge kongera sisitemu yo kubika izuba muri PV yawe. Hamwe nububiko bwa bateri, ntuzaterwa cyane nuwaguhaye ingufu, izamuka ryibiciro byamashanyarazi bizakugiraho ingaruka nke cyane, kandi ikirenge cyawe cya CO2 kizaba gito. Igice cya 8 kilowatt-isaha (kWh) ububiko bwa batiri murugo rusanzwe murugo rushobora kubungabunga ibidukikije hafi toni 12.5 za CO2 mubuzima bwayo.Ariko kugura sisitemu yo kubika izuba akenshi birakwiye muburyo bwubukungu. Mu myaka yashize, igiciro cyo kugaburira amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba cyaragabanutse ku buryo ubu kiri munsi y’igiciro cyatanzwe. Kubwibyo, ntibishoboka kubona amafaranga murubu buryo hamwe na sisitemu yo gufotora. Kubwiyi mpamvu, icyerekezo nacyo cyo kwikenura bishoboka. Sisitemu yo kubika imirasire y'izuba ifasha kugera kuriyi ntego. Mugihe habuze ububiko, umugabane wamashanyarazi ukoresha wenyine ni 30%. Hamwe no kubika amashanyarazi, umugabane ugera kuri 80% birashoboka.Sisitemu ya batiri ya AC cyangwa DC?Iyo bigeze kuri sisitemu yo kubika bateri, hariho sisitemu ya batiri ya AC kandiSisitemu ya batiri ya DC. Amagambo ahinnye ya AC asobanura "guhinduranya amashanyarazi" naho DC bisobanura "icyerekezo kigezweho". Mubusanzwe, sisitemu yo kubika izuba ikwiranye na sisitemu yo gufotora. Ariko, hariho itandukaniro. Kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, sisitemu yo kubika batiri hamwe na DC ihuza cyane kuko bivugwa ko ikora neza. Mubisanzwe kandi bihenze gushira. Nyamara, sisitemu yo kubika DC ihujwe neza na moderi ya Photovoltaque, ni ukuvuga mbere ya inverter. Niba iyi sisitemu igomba gukoreshwa muri retrofiting, inverter ihari igomba gusimburwa. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo kubika bugomba guhuzwa nimbaraga za sisitemu ya Photovoltaque.Sisitemu ya bateri ya AC rero irakwiriye cyane kubika ububiko kuko ihujwe inyuma ya inverter. Ibikoresho hamwe na bateri ibereye inverter, ingano yimbaraga za sisitemu ya PV noneho iba idafite agaciro. Rero, sisitemu ya AC iroroshye kwinjiza muri sisitemu yo gufotora no muri gride yo murugo. Mubyongeyeho, ubushyuhe buto hamwe nubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi cyangwa turbine ntoya irashobora kwinjizwa muri sisitemu ya AC ntakibazo. Ibi nibyiza, kurugero, kugirango tugere ku mbaraga nini zishoboka zo kwihaza.Ni ubuhe bubiko bwa batiri izuba bubereye sisitemu yizuba?Ingano yububiko bwibisubizo byizuba birumvikana ko bitandukanye. Ibintu byingenzi nibisabwa buri mwaka kumashanyarazi no gusohora sisitemu ihari ya fotora. Ariko nanone motifike impamvu ububiko bugomba gushyirwaho bigira uruhare. Niba uhangayikishijwe cyane nubukungu bwubukungu bwumusaruro wamashanyarazi nububiko, ugomba rero kubara ubushobozi bwo kubika kuburyo bukurikira: kumasaha 1.000 kilowatt yo gukoresha amashanyarazi yumwaka, isaha imwe kilowatt yubushobozi bukoreshwa mububiko bwamashanyarazi.Ubu ni umurongo ngenderwaho gusa, kuko mubisanzwe, sisitemu yo kubika izuba ntoya, niko ifite ubukungu. Kubwibyo, uko byagenda kose, reka umuhanga abare neza. Niba, ariko, kwihaza kwihagije n'amashanyarazi biri imbere, ububiko bw'amashanyarazi burashobora kugereranywa cyane, hatitawe kubiciro. Ku rugo ruto rwumuryango umwe rukoresha amashanyarazi yumwaka wa kilowatt 4000, icyemezo cya sisitemu ifite ubushobozi bwamasaha 4 kilowatt nukuri. Inyungu zo kwihaza ziva mubishushanyo binini ni marginal kandi ntizigereranije nibiciro biri hejuru.Nihehe ahantu heza ho gushira sisitemu yo kubika batiri yizuba?Igice cyo kubika ingufu z'izuba gikomatanya akenshi ntikirenza firigo ifite ibice bya firigo cyangwa kuruta icyuka. Ukurikije uwabikoze, sisitemu ya batiri yo murugo nayo irakwiriye kumanikwa kurukuta, Urugero, bateri yizuba ya BLSBATT, Tesla Powerwall. Birumvikana ko hariho nububiko bwa batiri yizuba busaba umwanya munini.Ahantu ho kwishyiriraho hagomba kuba humye, hatarimo ubukonje kandi buhumeka. Menya neza ko ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 15 na 25. Ahantu heza ni munsi yo munsi nicyumba cyingirakamaro. Kubijyanye n'uburemere, birumvikana ko hariho itandukaniro rinini. Batteri yububiko bwa batwati 5 kWh yonyine imaze gupima hafi kilo 50, ni ukuvuga idafite sisitemu yo gucunga amazu na batiri.Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa bateri y'izuba ni ubuhe?Batteri yizuba ya Litiyumu ion yatsinze bateri ziyobora. Biragaragara ko basumba kuyobora bateri muburyo bwo gukora neza, kuzenguruka no kuramba. Bateri ziyobora zigera kuri 300 kugeza 2000 zuzuye zuzuye kandi zibaho imyaka 5 kugeza 10. Ubushobozi bukoreshwa buri hagati ya 60 na 80%.Ububiko bw'amashanyarazi ya LitiyumuKu rundi ruhande, igera ku 5.000 kugeza 7,000 byuzuye byuzuye. Ubuzima bwa serivisi bugera ku myaka 20. Ubushobozi bukoreshwa buri hagati ya 80 na 100%.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2024