Imirasire y'izuba cyangwa Photovoltaque iratera imbere murwego rwo hejuru rwimikorere kandi nayo ihendutse.Murwego rwurugo, sisitemu yo gufotora hamwe nudushyasisitemu yo kubika izubairashobora gutanga ubukungu bushimishije muburyo bwa gride ihuza.Niba ikoranabuhanga ryizuba rikoreshwa murugo rwigenga, urwego runaka rwubwigenge buturuka kumashanyarazi manini arashobora kugerwaho.Ingaruka nziza-kwiyubaka-bihendutse. Amahame ya sisitemu ya PhotovoltaqueUmuntu wese ushyizeho sisitemu yo gufotora hejuru yinzu azabyara amashanyarazi akayagaburira muri gride yinzu yabo.Izi mbaraga zirashobora gukoreshwa nibikoresho bya tekiniki murugo rwurugo.Niba ingufu zirenze zitangwa kandi hari amashanyarazi menshi aboneka kurenza uko bikenewe, urashobora kureka izo mbaraga zikinjira mubikoresho byawe bibika izuba.Aya mashanyarazi arashobora gukoreshwa nyuma agakoreshwa murugo.Niba ingufu z'izuba zidahita zidahagije kugirango ubone ibyo ukoresha, urashobora kubona amashanyarazi yinyongera kuri gride rusange. Kuki Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque ikeneye Bateri yo kubika ingufu z'izuba?Niba ushaka kwihaza uko bishoboka kwose murwego rwo gutanga amashanyarazi, ugomba kwemeza ko ukoresha ingufu za fotokoltaque nyinshi zishoboka.Nyamara, ibi birashoboka gusa mugihe amashanyarazi yatanzwe mugihe hari urumuri rwizuba rwinshi rushobora kubikwa mugihe nta zuba.Ingufu zizuba udashobora gukoresha ubwawe zirashobora kubikwa kugirango zikoreshwe nyuma.Kuva ibiciro byo kugaburira ingufu z'izuba byagabanutse mu myaka yashize, gukoresha ibikoresho bibika ingufu z'izuba birumvikana ko ari n'icyemezo cy'amafaranga.Mu bihe biri imbere, niba ushaka kugura amashanyarazi ahenze yo murugo, kuki amashanyarazi ahita yoherezwa mumashanyarazi yaho mugiciro cyamafaranga make / kWt?Kubwibyo rero, ibitekerezo byumvikana ni uguha ingufu amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'ibikoresho bibika ingufu z'izuba.Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyo kubika ingufu z'izuba, hafi 100% by'umugabane wo kwifashisha urashobora kugerwaho. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'izuba imeze ite?Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'izuba mubisanzwe iba ifite bateri ya lithium fer fosifore.Ubushobozi busanzwe bwo kubika hagati ya 5 kWh na 20 kWh birateganijwe kubamo.Ububiko bw'izuba bushobora gushyirwaho mumuzunguruko wa DC hagati ya inverter na module, cyangwa mumuzunguruko wa AC hagati yisanduku ya metero na inverter.Impinduka zumuzunguruko wa AC zirakwiriye cyane cyane kubisubiramo kuko sisitemu yo kubika izuba ifite ibikoresho bya inverter yayo. 
Hatitawe ku bwoko bwo kwishyiriraho, ibice by'ingenzi bigize urugo rw'amafoto y'izuba ni bimwe.Ibi bice ni ibi bikurikira:
- Imirasire y'izuba: koresha ingufu zituruka ku zuba kugirango ubyare amashanyarazi.
- Imirasire y'izuba: kumenya guhindura no gutwara ingufu za DC na AC
- Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'izuba: Babika ingufu z'izuba kugirango bakoreshe igihe icyo aricyo cyose cyumunsi.
- Intsinga na metero: Kohereza no kugereranya ingufu zakozwe.
Ni izihe nyungu za sisitemu ya batiri izuba?Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque idafite amahirwe yo kubika itanga amashanyarazi agomba gukoreshwa ako kanya.Ntabwo ari gake cyane kubera ko ingufu zituruka ku zuba zitangwa cyane cyane ku manywa iyo ingufu z'ingo nyinshi ziri hasi.Nyamara, amashanyarazi akenera kwiyongera cyane nimugoroba.Hamwe na sisitemu ya bateri, ingufu zizuba zirenze zakozwe kumunsi zirashobora gukoreshwa mugihe gikenewe.Ntibikenewe ko uhindura ingeso zawe, wowe:
- Tanga amashanyarazi mugihe gride idafite amashanyarazi
- gabanya burundu fagitire y'amashanyarazi
- ku giti cyanjye mutange umusanzu urambye
- hindura uburyo bwawe bwite bwo gukoresha imbaraga za PV
- menyesha ubwigenge bwawe kubatanga ingufu nini
- Tanga imbaraga zisagutse kuri gride kugirango uhembwe
- Imirasire y'izuba muri rusange ntabwo isaba kubungabungwa cyane.
Gutezimbere Sisitemu yo Kubika Imirasire y'izubaMuri Gicurasi 2014, guverinoma y’Ubudage yafatanyije na Banki ya KfW gutangiza gahunda y’inkunga yo kugura ububiko bw’izuba.Iyi nkunga irakurikizwa kuri sisitemu yashyizwe mu bikorwa nyuma yitariki ya 31 Ukuboza 2012, kandi umusaruro ukaba uri munsi ya 30kWP.Uyu mwaka, gahunda yo gutera inkunga yaratangiye.Kuva muri Werurwe 2016 kugeza Ukuboza 2018, guverinoma ihuriweho na Leta izashyigikira kugura ibikoresho bibika ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba bitangiza amashanyarazi, umusaruro wa mbere w'amayero 500 kuri kilowatt.Ibi hitabwa kubiciro byujuje hafi 25%.Mu mpera za 2018, izo ndangagaciro zizagabanuka kugera kuri 10% mugihe cy'amezi atandatu. Muri iki gihe, imirasire y'izuba hafi miliyoni 2 mu 2021 itanga hafi 10% yaAmashanyarazi y'Ubudage, kandi umugabane wo kubyara ingufu za Photovoltaque mumashanyarazi akomeje kwiyongera.Amategeko y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa [EEG] yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ryihuse, ariko kandi ni nayo mpamvu yatumye igabanuka rikabije ry’ubwubatsi bushya mu myaka yashize.Isoko ry’izuba ry’Ubudage ryasenyutse mu 2013 ntirishobora kugera ku ntego ya guverinoma ihuriweho na 2.4-2,6 GW mu myaka myinshi.Muri 2018, isoko ryongeye kwiyongera buhoro buhoro.Muri 2020, umusaruro wa sisitemu nshya yifotora yashizwemo yari 4.9 GW, kuruta kuva 2012. Imirasire y'izuba ni ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije ingufu za kirimbuzi, peteroli, hamwe n'amakara akomeye, kandi irashobora kugabanya toni zigera kuri miliyoni 30 za dioxyde de carbone, dioxyde de carbone yangiza ikirere, muri 2019. Kugeza ubu Ubudage bufite sisitemu ya miriyoni 2 zifotora zashyizwemo ingufu za 54 GW.Muri 2020, bakoze amashanyarazi ya terawatt 51.4. Twizera ko hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga, sisitemu yo kubika izuba izagenda imenyekana buhoro buhoro, kandi imiryango myinshi izakunda gukoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kugirango igabanye gukoresha amashanyarazi murugo buri kwezi!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2024