Ubuyobozi Bukuru bwo Kubika Ingufu Zibika Inverter

Ubwoko bwingufu zibika Inverters Ingufu zibika inverters inzira yikoranabuhanga: hari inzira ebyiri zingenzi zo guhuza DC no guhuza AC Sisitemu yo kubika PV, harimo modules yizuba, igenzura, inverter, bateri yo murugo ya lithium, imizigo nibindi bikoresho. Kugeza ubu,imbaraga zo kubika ingufuni inzira ebyiri tekinike: guhuza DC no guhuza AC. Guhuza AC cyangwa DC bivuga uburyo imirasire y'izuba ihujwe cyangwa ihujwe na sisitemu yo kubika cyangwa bateri. Ubwoko bwo guhuza hagati yizuba na bateri birashobora kuba AC cyangwa DC. Imiyoboro myinshi ya elegitoronike ikoresha ingufu za DC, hamwe na module yizuba itanga ingufu za DC na bateri ibika ingufu za DC, icyakora ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha ingufu za AC. Imirasire y'izuba ya Hybrid + Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu Imirasire y'izuba ya Hybrid + sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, aho imbaraga za DC ziva mububiko bwa PV zibitswe, binyuze mumugenzuzi, muri alithium murugo bateri banki, na gride irashobora kandi kwishyuza bateri ikoresheje icyerekezo cya DC-AC. Ingingo yo guhuza ingufu ni kuruhande rwa bateri ya DC. Ku manywa, ingufu za PV zabanje gutangwa kumuzigo, hanyuma bateri yo murugo ya lithium yishyurwa numugenzuzi wa MPPT, kandi sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ihujwe na gride, kugirango ingufu zirenze zishobora guhuzwa na gride; nijoro, bateri isohoka mumuzigo, kandi ubukene bwuzuzwa na gride; iyo gride isohotse, ingufu za PV hamwe na batiri yo murugo ya lithium itangwa gusa kumurimo utari gride, kandi umutwaro kumpera ya gride ntushobora gukoreshwa. Iyo imbaraga zumutwaro ziruta imbaraga za PV, gride na PV birashobora gutanga ingufu mumitwaro icyarimwe. Kuberako ntabwo imbaraga za PV cyangwa imbaraga zumutwaro zihamye, zishingiye kuri bateri yo murugo ya lithium kugirango iringanize ingufu za sisitemu. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ifasha kandi uyikoresha gushiraho igihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora kugirango abone amashanyarazi akenera. Sisitemu yo guhuza DC ihame ryakazi Hybrid inverter ifite imikorere ihuriweho na grid kugirango ikoreshwe neza. Imashini ihujwe na gride ihita ifunga amashanyarazi kuri sisitemu yizuba mugihe umuriro wabuze kubera impamvu z'umutekano. Ku rundi ruhande, Hybrid inverters, ituma abayikoresha bagira imikorere ya gride hamwe na gride ihujwe, bityo ingufu ziraboneka no mugihe umuriro wabuze. Hybrid inverters yoroshya gukurikirana ingufu, ituma amakuru yingenzi nkimikorere n’umusaruro w'ingufu bigenzurwa binyuze muri panel ya inverter cyangwa ibikoresho byubwenge bihujwe. Niba sisitemu ifite inverter ebyiri, zigomba gukurikiranwa ukwazo. guhuza DC bigabanya igihombo muguhindura AC-DC. Gukoresha bateri neza ni 95-99%, mugihe AC ihuza 90%. Hybrid inverters nubukungu, iroroshye kandi yoroshye kuyishyiraho. Gushyira inverter nshya ya Hybrid hamwe na bateri ya DC ihujwe birashobora kuba bihendutse kuruta guhindura bateri zahujwe na AC kuri sisitemu iriho kuko umugenzuzi ahendutse ugereranije na gride ihujwe na enterineti, guhinduranya ibintu birahendutse kuruta akabati ko kugabura, na DC -igisubizo gikemuwe gishobora gukorwa muburyo bumwe-bwo kugenzura inverter, kuzigama ibiciro byibikoresho hamwe nigiciro cyo kwishyiriraho. Cyane cyane kubikoresho bito n'ibiciriritse bitari grid sisitemu, DC ihujwe na sisitemu ihenze cyane. Hybrid inverter ni modular cyane kandi biroroshye kongeramo ibice bishya hamwe nubugenzuzi, kandi ibice byinyongera birashobora kongerwaho byoroshye ukoresheje ingufu za DC zihenze cyane. Imvange ya Hybrid yagenewe guhuza ububiko igihe icyo aricyo cyose, byoroshye kongeramo amabanki ya batiri. Sisitemu ya Hybrid inverter iroroshye kandi ikoresha selile nini ya voltage, hamwe nubunini bwa kabili ntoya hamwe nigihombo gito. Sisitemu yo guhuza DC Sisitemu yo guhuza AC Nyamara, imirasire y'izuba ya Hybrid ntabwo ikwiranye no kuzamura imirasire y'izuba iriho kandi ihenze kuyishyiraho sisitemu yo hejuru. Niba umukiriya ashaka kuzamura sisitemu yizuba ihari kugirango ashyiremo batiri yo murugo, guhitamo imirasire y'izuba ivanze bishobora kugora ibintu. Ibinyuranye, inverteri ya batiri irashobora kubahenze cyane, kuko guhitamo gushiraho imvange yizuba ivanze bisaba gukora byuzuye kandi bihenze bya sisitemu yizuba yose. Sisitemu yo hejuru yingufu ziragoye kuyishyiraho kandi irashobora kubahenze bitewe no gukenera amashanyarazi menshi. Niba imbaraga nyinshi zikoreshwa kumunsi, habaho kugabanuka gake mubikorwa bitewe na DC (PV) kugeza DC (batt) kugeza AC. Imirasire y'izuba hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu Sisitemu yo kubika PV +, izwi kandi nka AC retrofit PV + sisitemu yo kubika, irashobora kumenya imbaraga za DC ziva muri modules ya PV zihindurwamo ingufu za AC na enterineti ihujwe na enterineti, hanyuma imbaraga zikirenga zigahinduka imbaraga za DC zikabikwa muri bateri na AC ihujwe kubika inverter. Ingingo yo guhuza ingufu iri kumpera ya AC. Harimo sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi na sisitemu ya lithium yo murugo. Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque igizwe na fotokoltaque yumurongo hamwe na gride ihujwe na inverter, mugihe sisitemu ya batiri ya lithium igizwe na banki ya bateri na inverter ya bi-icyerekezo. Izi sisitemu zombi zirashobora gukora zigenga zitabangamiye undi cyangwa zishobora gutandukana na gride kugirango zikore sisitemu ya microgrid. Sisitemu yo guhuza AC ihame ryakazi Sisitemu ya AC ihujwe na 100% grid ihuza, byoroshye kuyishyiraho kandi byoroshye kwaguka. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kwishyiriraho murugo birahari, ndetse na sisitemu nini cyane (2kW kugeza MW MW) irashobora kwaguka byoroshye kugirango ikoreshwe hamwe na gride ihambiriye hamwe na generator yonyine (seti ya mazutu, turbine yumuyaga, nibindi). Imirongo myinshi yumurongo wizuba hejuru ya 3kW ifite MPPT ebyiri zinjiza, so panne ndende irashobora gushirwa mubyerekezo bitandukanye no kuruhande. Kumashanyarazi ya DC yo hejuru, guhuza AC biroroshye kandi ntibigoye gushiraho sisitemu nini kuruta DC ihujwe na sisitemu isaba abagenzuzi benshi ba MPPT, bityo bikaba bihenze cyane. Guhuza AC birakwiriye kuri sisitemu yo guhindura ibintu kandi ikora neza kumunsi hamwe n'imitwaro ya AC. Sisitemu iriho ihuza sisitemu ya PV irashobora guhinduka muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu hamwe nigiciro gito cyo kwinjiza. Irashobora gutanga imbaraga zumutekano kubakoresha mugihe amashanyarazi ari hanze. Bihujwe na gride-ihuza sisitemu ya PV yinganda zitandukanye. Sisitemu igezweho ya AC ikoreshwa muburyo bunini bwa sisitemu nini ya gride kandi ikoresha imirongo yizuba ikomatanya hamwe na inverteri yuburyo bugezweho cyangwa inverter / charger kugirango ucunge bateri na grid / generator. Nubwo ugereranije byoroshye kandi bikomeye gushiraho, ntibikora neza (90-94%) mugutwara bateri ugereranije na sisitemu ya DC (98%). Nyamara, sisitemu zirakora neza mugihe zikoresha ingufu nyinshi za AC kumunsi, zikagera kuri 97% cyangwa zirenga, kandi zimwe zishobora kwagurwa hamwe nizuba ryinshi kugirango zikore microgrid. AC-ifatanije kwishyuza ntabwo ikora neza kandi ihenze kuri sisitemu nto. Ingufu zinjira muri bateri muri AC guhuza zigomba guhinduka kabiri, kandi mugihe uyikoresha atangiye gukoresha ingufu, igomba kongera guhinduka, ikongeraho igihombo kinini muri sisitemu. Nkigisubizo, imikorere ya AC ihuza igabanuka kugera kuri 85-90% mugihe ukoresheje sisitemu ya bateri. Inverteri ya AC ihujwe ihenze kuri sisitemu nto. Off-grid Solar Sisitemu + Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu Imirasire y'izuba+ sisitemu yo kubika mubisanzwe igizwe na modules ya PV, batiri yo murugo ya lithium, inverter yo kubika hanze, imizigo hamwe na moteri ya mazutu. Sisitemu irashobora gutahura amashanyarazi ya batiri na PV ikoresheje DC-DC ihindura, cyangwa bi-icyerekezo DC-AC ihinduranya kugirango yishyure kandi isohore bateri. Ku manywa, ingufu za PV zabanje gutangwa kumuzigo, hagakurikiraho kwishyuza bateri; nijoro, bateri isohoka mumuzigo, kandi iyo bateri idahagije, moteri ya mazutu ihabwa umutwaro. Irashobora guhaza amashanyarazi ya buri munsi mubice bidafite gride. Irashobora guhuzwa na moteri ya mazutu kugirango itange imizigo cyangwa bateri. Ibikoresho byinshi byo kubika ingufu zitari grid ntabwo byemewe ko bihujwe na gride, nubwo sisitemu ifite gride, ntishobora guhuzwa na gride. Ikoreshwa rya Scenarios Yingufu Zibika Ingufu Ingufu zibika ingufu zifite inshingano eshatu zingenzi, zirimo kugenzura impinga, imbaraga zo guhagarara nimbaraga zigenga. Mu karere, kuzamuka ni byo bisabwa mu Burayi, fata Ubudage nk'urugero, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi mu Budage cyageze kuri $ 0.46 / kWt mu 2023, kiza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Mu myaka yashize, ibiciro by’amashanyarazi by’Ubudage bikomeje kwiyongera, kandi ububiko bwa PV / PV LCOE ni amafaranga 10.2 / 15.5 gusa kuri dogere, 78% / 66% munsi y’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi atuye, ibiciro by’amashanyarazi atuye hamwe n’igiciro cyo kubika PV cy’amashanyarazi hagati y’itandukaniro izakomeza kwaguka. Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza no kubika urugo irashobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyamashanyarazi, kuburyo ahantu hahenze cyane abakoresha bafite ubushake bukomeye bwo gushiraho ububiko bwurugo. Ku isoko ryo hejuru, abakoresha bakunda guhitamo imashini ihinduranya hamwe na sisitemu ya batiri ya AC ihujwe, ibyo bikaba bihendutse kandi byoroshye gukora. Amashanyarazi ya bateri ya off-grid hamwe na transformateur ziremereye cyane zirahenze cyane, mugihe inverteri ya Hybrid hamwe na sisitemu ya batiri ya AC ikoresha imashini ihinduranya hamwe na transistor. Izi mpinduka zoroheje, zoroheje zifite umuvuduko muke hamwe nimbaraga zo hejuru zingana, ariko birahenze cyane, bihendutse kandi byoroshye gukora. Imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma zirakenewe muri Amerika no mu Buyapani, kandi imbaraga zonyine nizo zikeneye isoko, harimo no mu turere nka Afurika y'Epfo. Nk’uko EIA ibigaragaza, impuzandengo yo guhagarika amashanyarazi muri Amerika muri 2020 ni amasaha arenga 8, cyane cyane ku baturage bo muri Amerika batuye batatanye, igice cya gride ishaje ndetse n'ibiza. Ikoreshwa rya PV yo gukwirakwiza no kubika sisitemu irashobora kugabanya gushingira kuri gride no kongera ubwizerwe bwamashanyarazi kuruhande rwabakiriya. Sisitemu yo kubika PV yo muri Amerika nini kandi ifite bateri nyinshi, kubera ko bikenewe kubika ingufu mu guhangana n’ibiza. Amashanyarazi yigenga nicyo gikenewe ku isoko ryihuse, Afurika y'Epfo, Pakisitani, Libani, Filipine, Vietnam ndetse n'ibindi bihugu mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza amasoko ku isi, ibikorwa remezo by'iki gihugu ntibihagije kugira ngo bifashe abaturage amashanyarazi, bityo abakoresha kugira ibikoresho byo mu rugo Sisitemu yo kubika PV. Hybrid inverters nkimbaraga zo gusubira inyuma zifite aho zigarukira. Ugereranije na bateri yihariye ya bateri ya inverter, inverteri ya Hybrid ifite aho igarukira, cyane cyane izamuka ryinshi cyangwa ingufu zamashanyarazi mugihe habaye umuriro. Byongeye kandi, inverter zimwe zimwe zidafite ubushobozi cyangwa ubushobozi buke bwo gusubira inyuma, kubwibyo rero imitwaro mito cyangwa yingirakamaro gusa nk'itara n'amashanyarazi y'ibanze ashobora gushyigikirwa mugihe cy'umuriro w'amashanyarazi, kandi sisitemu nyinshi zifite ubukererwe bwa 3-5 isegonda mugihe umuriro wabuze. . Kuruhande rwa off-grid inverters, kurundi ruhande, itanga imbaraga nyinshi cyane kandi ikabyara ingufu kandi irashobora gutwara imitwaro ihanitse. Niba umukoresha ateganya guha ingufu ibikoresho byihuta cyane nka pompe, compressor, imashini imesa hamwe nibikoresho byamashanyarazi, inverter igomba kuba ishobora gutwara imitwaro myinshi yinduction. DC ihujwe na Hybrid inverters Muri iki gihe inganda zirimo gukoresha sisitemu nyinshi zo kubika PV hamwe na DC guhuza kugirango igere ku gishushanyo mbonera cya PV ihuriweho, cyane cyane muri sisitemu nshya aho imashini ihinduranya byoroshye kandi ihendutse kuyishyiraho. Iyo wongeyeho sisitemu nshya, ikoreshwa rya Hybrid inverters yo kubika ingufu za PV irashobora kugabanya ibiciro byibikoresho hamwe nigiciro cyo kwishyiriraho, kuko inverter yo kubika irashobora kugera kugenzura-inverter ihuza. Kugenzura no guhinduranya ibintu muri sisitemu ihujwe na DC ntabwo bihenze kuruta imiyoboro ihujwe na gride ihujwe na kabine yo gukwirakwiza muri sisitemu ihujwe na AC, bityo ibisubizo bihujwe na DC ntibihendutse kuruta ibisubizo bya AC. Igenzura, bateri na inverter muri sisitemu ya DC ihujwe ni serial, ihujwe cyane kandi idahinduka. Kuri sisitemu nshya yashizwemo, PV, bateri na inverter byakozwe ukurikije imbaraga zumutwaro wumukoresha hamwe nogukoresha ingufu, kubwibyo birakwiriye cyane kuri DC-ihujwe na Hybrid inverter. DC-ihujwe na Hybrid inverter ibicuruzwa nibyo bigenda byingenzi, BSLBATT nayo yatangije ibyayo5kw hybrid izuba ryizubamu mpera zumwaka ushize, kandi izashyira ahagaragara 6kW na 8kW ivanga imirasire y'izuba ikurikiranye muri uyu mwaka! Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru byabitswe ninganda zibika ingufu ni byinshi kumasoko atatu akomeye yuburayi, Amerika na Ositaraliya. Ku isoko ry’iburayi, Ubudage, Otirishiya, Ubusuwisi, Suwede, Ubuholandi n’andi masoko gakondo ya PV ni isoko ry’ibyiciro bitatu, bifasha cyane imbaraga z’ibicuruzwa binini. Ubutaliyani, Espagne nibindi bihugu byamajyepfo yuburayi bikenera cyane icyiciro kimwe cyibicuruzwa bito bito. Repubulika ya Ceki, Polonye, ​​Rumaniya, Lituwaniya ndetse n’ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburasirazuba bisaba cyane cyane ibicuruzwa by’ibyiciro bitatu, ariko kwakira ibiciro biri hasi. Amerika ifite sisitemu nini yo kubika ingufu kandi ikunda ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu nyinshi. Ubwoko bwa Batteri nububiko inverter itandukanijwe irakunzwe cyane nabayishizeho, ariko inverter ya bateri yose-muri-imwe niyo nzira yiterambere ryigihe kizaza. PV yo kubika ingufu za Hybrid inverter yongeye kugabanywa muri inverter igurishwa ukwayo hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS) igurisha inverter yo kubika ingufu hamwe na batiri hamwe. Kugeza ubu, kubijyanye n’abacuruzi bagenzura umuyoboro, buri mukiriya utaziguye aba yibanda cyane, bateri, ibicuruzwa bitandukanya inverter biramenyekana cyane, cyane cyane hanze yubudage, cyane cyane kubera kwishyiriraho byoroshye no kwaguka byoroshye, kandi byoroshye kugabanya ibiciro byamasoko. , bateri cyangwa inverter ntishobora gutangwa kugirango ubone itangwa rya kabiri, gutanga ni umutekano kurushaho. Ubudage, Amerika, Ubuyapani icyerekezo ni imashini-imwe-imwe. Imashini-imwe-imwe irashobora gukiza ibibazo byinshi nyuma yo kugurisha, kandi hariho ibintu byemeza, nkibyemezo bya sisitemu yumuriro muri Amerika bigomba guhuzwa na inverter. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rigiye kuri mashini-imwe-imwe, ariko uhereye kugurisha isoko ryubwoko butandukanye mugushiraho kugirango wemere bike. Muri sisitemu ya DC ihujwe, sisitemu ya bateri yumuriro mwinshi irakora neza, ariko ihenze cyane mugihe habaye ikibazo cya batiri ya voltage. Ugereranije naSisitemu ya bateri 48V, bateri yumuriro mwinshi ikora murwego rwa 200-500V DC, ifite igihombo gito kandi ikora neza kuko imirasire yizuba isanzwe ikora kuri 300-600V, bisa na voltage ya bateri, bigatuma ikoreshwa rya DC-DC ikora neza cyane hamwe igihombo gito. Sisitemu ya batiri yumuriro mwinshi ihenze kuruta bateri ya sisitemu ya voltage nkeya, mugihe inverter zihenze. Kugeza ubu harakenewe cyane bateri za voltage nyinshi hamwe no kubura isoko, bityo bateri yumuriro mwinshi biragoye kuyigura, kandi mugihe habuze ikibazo cya bateri yumuriro mwinshi, bihendutse gukoresha sisitemu ya bateri nkeya. DC guhuza imirasire y'izuba na inverter DC guhuza neza na Hybrid inverter ihuza AC Inverters Sisitemu ihuriweho na DC ntabwo ikwiriye guhinduranya sisitemu ihari ya gride. Uburyo bwa DC bwo guhuza cyane cyane bufite ibibazo bikurikira: Icya mbere, sisitemu ikoresha DC ihuza ifite ibibazo byogukoresha insinga zigoye hamwe nuburyo bwo kugereranya module mugihe cyo guhindura sisitemu ihari ya gride; icya kabiri, gutinda guhinduranya hagati ya gride ihujwe na off-grid ni ndende, bigatuma uburambe bwamashanyarazi bukoreshwa nabi; icya gatatu, imikorere yubugenzuzi bwubwenge ntabwo yuzuye bihagije kandi igisubizo cyubugenzuzi ntabwo gihagije mugihe, bigatuma bigorana cyane kumenya micro-grid ikoreshwa ryamashanyarazi yose. Kubwibyo, ibigo bimwe byahisemo inzira yikoranabuhanga rya AC guhuza, nka Rene. Sisitemu yo guhuza AC yorohereza ibicuruzwa byoroshye. ReneSola ikoresha uruhande rwa AC hamwe na sisitemu ya PV kugirango igere ku mbaraga zombi zigenda neza, bivanaho gukenera kugera muri bisi ya PV DC, koroshya ibicuruzwa byoroshye; unyuze hamwe na software nyayo igenzura hamwe nibikoresho byogutezimbere kugirango ugere kuri milisegonda ya swchover kuri no kuva kuri gride; binyuze muburyo bushya bwo guhuza ingufu za inverter zisohoka kugenzura no gutanga amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza sisitemu yogushushanya kugirango ugere kumashanyarazi yose murugo munsi yo kugenzura agasanduku gashinzwe kugenzura Micro-grid ikoreshwa rya bokisi igenzura kugenzura. Uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura ibicuruzwa byahujwe na AC biri munsi gato ugereranije nibyaHybrid inverters. Impinduka nini yo guhindura ibicuruzwa byahujwe na AC ni 94-97%, ikaba iri munsi gato ugereranije niyivanga rya Hybrid, cyane cyane ko module igomba guhinduka kabiri mbere yuko ibikwa muri bateri nyuma yo kubyara amashanyarazi, bikagabanya imikorere yo guhindura .