izuba riva ni iki?

Mu gihe isi igenda itera imbere mu gushaka ibisubizo birambye kandi bisukuye by’ingufu, ingufu z'izuba zagaragaye nk'imbere mu guhatanira ejo hazaza heza. Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi zishobora kuvugururwa nizuba, sisitemu yifoto yizuba (PV) imaze kumenyekana cyane, itanga inzira yo guhinduka gutangaje muburyo dukora amashanyarazi. Hagati ya buri sisitemu ya PV izuba rifite ikintu cyingenzi gifasha guhindura urumuri rwizuba imbaraga zikoreshwa :.izuba. Gukora nk'ikiraro kiri hagati yizuba ryizuba hamwe numuyoboro wamashanyarazi, imirasire yizuba igira uruhare runini mugukoresha neza ingufu zizuba. Gusobanukirwa ihame ryakazi ryabo no gucukumbura ubwoko bwabo butandukanye ni urufunguzo rwo gusobanukirwa ubukanishi bushimishije bwihinduranya ryizuba. How Ese A.SniInverterWork? Imirasire y'izuba ni igikoresho cya elegitoronike gihindura amashanyarazi ataziguye (DC) akorwa n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu guhinduranya amashanyarazi (AC) ashobora gukoreshwa mu gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo kandi akagaburirwa mu mashanyarazi. Ihame ryakazi ryizuba rirashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu byingenzi: guhinduka, kugenzura, nibisohoka. Guhindura: Imirasire y'izuba ibanza kwakira amashanyarazi ya DC akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Amashanyarazi ya DC mubisanzwe muburyo bwa voltage ihindagurika itandukana nuburemere bwizuba. Inverter yibanze yibanze ni uguhindura iyi voltage ya DC ihinduka mumashanyarazi ya AC ihamye ikwiye gukoreshwa. Igikorwa cyo guhindura kirimo ibice bibiri byingenzi: umurongo wimbaraga za elegitoronike (mubisanzwe izenguruka-irembo bipolar transistors cyangwa IGBTs) hamwe na transformateur yumurongo mwinshi. Abahindura bashinzwe guhinduranya byihuse voltage ya DC kuri no kuzimya, gukora ikimenyetso cyumuvuduko mwinshi. Transformator noneho izamura voltage kurwego rwifuzwa rwa AC. Igenzura: Icyiciro cyo kugenzura imirasire y'izuba yemeza ko inzira yo guhindura ikora neza kandi neza. Harimo gukoresha uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura algorithms na sensor kugirango ikurikirane kandi igenzure ibipimo bitandukanye. Bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byo kugenzura birimo: a. Ikurikiranwa ry’ingufu ntarengwa (MPPT): Imirasire y'izuba ifite aho ikorera neza yitwa power point point (MPP), aho zitanga ingufu nini kumurabyo wizuba watanzwe. Algorithm ya MPPT ihora ihindura aho ikorera imirasire y'izuba kugirango yongere umusaruro mwinshi ukurikirana MPP. b. Amabwiriza ya Voltage na Frequency: Sisitemu yo kugenzura inverter ikomeza imbaraga za AC ziva mumashanyarazi hamwe numurongo, mubisanzwe ukurikiza ibipimo bya gride yingirakamaro. Ibi byemeza guhuza nibindi bikoresho byamashanyarazi kandi bikemerera guhuza hamwe na gride. c. Guhuza imiyoboro ya gride: Imiyoboro ihuza imirasire y'izuba ihuza icyiciro hamwe ninshuro yumusaruro wa AC hamwe na gride yingirakamaro. Ihuzabikorwa rituma inverter igaburira ingufu zirenze muri gride cyangwa kuvana ingufu muri gride mugihe umusaruro wizuba udahagije. Ibisohoka: Mu cyiciro cya nyuma, inverter izuba itanga amashanyarazi yahinduwe mumashanyarazi cyangwa gride. Ibisohoka birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bubiri: a. Sisitemu ya Grid cyangwa Grid-Sisitemu: Muri sisitemu ihujwe na gride, inverter izuba igaburira amashanyarazi ya AC muri gride yingirakamaro. Ibi bigabanya gushingira ku mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ashingiye ku bicanwa kandi bikemerera gupima net, aho amashanyarazi arenze ku manywa ashobora gutangwa kandi agakoreshwa mugihe gito cy’izuba. b. Sisitemu ya Off-Grid: Muri sisitemu ya gride, inverter yizuba yishyuza banki ya batiri usibye gutanga amashanyarazi mumitwaro yamashanyarazi. Batteri zibika ingufu zizuba zirenze urugero, zishobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyizuba rike cyangwa nijoro mugihe imirasire yizuba idatanga amashanyarazi. Ibiranga izuba riva: Gukora neza: Imirasire y'izuba yashizweho kugirango ikore neza kandi yongere umusaruro mwinshi w'izuba rya PV. Ubushobozi buhanitse butera gutakaza ingufu nke mugihe cyo guhindura, kwemeza ko igice kinini cyingufu zizuba zikoreshwa neza. Ibisohoka by'amashanyarazi: Imirasire y'izuba iraboneka mubyiciro bitandukanye byamashanyarazi, uhereye kuri sisitemu ntoya yo guturamo kugeza kubucuruzi bunini bunini. Imbaraga ziva muri inverter zigomba guhuzwa neza nubushobozi bwizuba ryizuba kugirango bigere kumikorere myiza. Kuramba no kwizerwa: Imirasire y'izuba ihura n’ibidukikije bitandukanye, harimo ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, hamwe n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, inverters igomba kubakwa hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye kandi bigenewe guhangana nibi bihe, byemeza igihe kirekire. Gukurikirana no gutumanaho: Imirasire y'izuba myinshi igezweho ije ifite sisitemu yo kugenzura ituma abayikoresha bakurikirana imikorere yizuba rya PV. Inverters zimwe zishobora kandi kuvugana nibikoresho byo hanze hamwe na porogaramu ya software, igatanga amakuru nyayo kandi igafasha gukurikirana no kugenzura kure. Ibiranga umutekano: Imirasire y'izuba ikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye byumutekano kugirango irinde sisitemu ndetse nabantu bakorana nayo. Ibi biranga harimo kurinda umuyaga mwinshi, kurinda birenze urugero, gutahura amakosa yubutaka, no kurinda ibirwa, birinda inverter kugaburira amashanyarazi muri gride mugihe umuriro wabuze. Solar Inverter Itondekanya ukurikije ingufu Inverteri ya PV, izwi kandi nk'izuba riva, irashobora gushyirwa mubwoko butandukanye ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, imikorere, hamwe nogukoresha. Gusobanukirwa ibi byiciro birashobora gufasha muguhitamo inverter ikwiranye na sisitemu yihariye ya PV. Ibikurikira nubwoko bwingenzi bwa PV inverters yashyizwe kurwego rwimbaraga: Inverter ukurikije urwego rwimbaraga: ahanini igabanijwemo inverter yagabanijwe (umugozi inverter & micro inverter), ihinduranya hagati; Ikurikiranyabiheers: Imirongo ihindagurika ni ubwoko bukoreshwa cyane muri PV inverteri yubucuruzi nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwizuba, byashizweho kugirango bikoreshe imirasire yizuba myinshi ihujwe murukurikirane, ikora "umugozi." Umugozi wa PV (1-5kw) wabaye inverter ikunzwe cyane kumasoko mpuzamahanga muri iki gihe binyuze muri inverter ifite ingufu nini cyane zikurikirana kuruhande rwa DC hamwe na gride ihuza parike kuruhande rwa AC. Amashanyarazi ya DC akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba agaburirwa mu mugozi wa inverter, uyihindura amashanyarazi ya AC kugirango ikoreshwe ako kanya cyangwa yoherezwe muri gride. Imirongo ihindagurika izwiho ubworoherane, gukoresha neza, no koroshya kwishyiriraho. Nyamara, imikorere yumurongo wose iterwa numwanya muto-ukora cyane, ushobora guhindura imikorere muri sisitemu. Micro inverters: Micro inverter ni ntoya ihinduranya yashyizwe kuri buri cyuma cyizuba muri sisitemu ya PV. Bitandukanye nimihindagurikire yimigozi, micro inverters ihindura amashanyarazi ya DC kuri AC kurwego rwumwanya. Igishushanyo cyemerera buri tsinda gukora ryigenga, rigahindura ingufu za sisitemu muri rusange. Micro inverters itanga ibyiza byinshi, harimo panne-urwego ntarengwa ntarengwa rwo gukurikiranwa (MPPT), kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu mugice cyicucu cyangwa kidahuye, kongera umutekano kubera ingufu za DC nkeya, no gukurikirana birambuye imikorere yabakozi. Ariko, ikiguzi cyo hejuru hejuru hamwe nibishobora kugorana kwishyiriraho ni ibintu ugomba gusuzuma. Inverters Hagati: Inverteri ikomatanyirijwe hamwe, izwi kandi nka nini nini cyangwa yingirakamaro (> 10kW) inverter, zikunze gukoreshwa mubikoresho binini binini byizuba PV, nkimirima yizuba cyangwa imishinga yubucuruzi bwizuba. Ihinduramiterere ryashizweho kugirango rikoreshe ingufu za DC ziva mumirongo myinshi cyangwa imirongo yizuba yizuba hanyuma ubihindure mumashanyarazi ya AC kugirango uhuze gride. Ikintu kinini kiranga imbaraga nyinshi nigiciro gito cya sisitemu, ariko kubera ko ibisohoka voltage numuyoboro wimigozi itandukanye ya PV akenshi bidahuye neza (cyane cyane iyo imirongo ya PV igicucu igice kubera igicu, igicucu, ikizinga, nibindi) , ikoreshwa rya inverteri yibanze bizaganisha kumikorere mike yo guhinduranya no kugabanya ingufu zamashanyarazi murugo. Inverteri ikomatanyirijwe hamwe ifite imbaraga nyinshi ugereranije nubundi bwoko, kuva kuri kilowat nyinshi kugeza kuri megawatt nyinshi. Bashyizwe mumwanya wo hagati cyangwa sitasiyo ya inverter, kandi imirongo myinshi cyangwa imirongo myinshi yizuba rihuza nabo murwego rumwe. Imirasire y'izuba ikora iki? Inverteri ya Photovoltaque ikora imirimo myinshi, harimo guhindura AC, guhindura imikorere yizuba, no kurinda sisitemu. Iyi mikorere ikubiyemo ibikorwa byikora no guhagarika, kugenzura imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurikirana, kurwanya ibirwa (kuri sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro), guhinduranya amashanyarazi mu buryo bwikora (kuri sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro), DC kumenya (kuri sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro), no kumenya ubutaka bwa DC ( ya sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu). Reka dusuzume muri make imikorere yikora no guhagarika imikorere nigikorwa kinini cyo kugenzura imbaraga. 1) Igikorwa cyikora nigikorwa cyo guhagarika Nyuma yuko izuba rirashe mugitondo, ubukana bwimirasire yizuba bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi umusaruro wizuba ryiyongera bikwiranye. Iyo imbaraga zisohoka zisabwa na inverter zigeze, inverter itangira gukora byikora. Nyuma yo kwinjira mubikorwa, inverter izagenzura ibisohoka mubice bigize imirasire yizuba igihe cyose, mugihe cyose ingufu ziva mubice bigize izuba rirenze ingufu zisohoka zisabwa na inverter, inverter izakomeza gukora; kugeza izuba rirenze, niyo imvura yagwa Inverter nayo irakora. Iyo ibisohoka byizuba rya selile module biba bito kandi ibisohoka muri inverter bigera kuri 0, inverter izakora leta ihagaze. 2) Igikorwa ntarengwa cyo kugenzura imbaraga zo kugenzura Ibisohoka mumirasire y'izuba bigenda bitandukana hamwe nuburemere bwimirasire yizuba hamwe nubushyuhe bwa module yizuba ubwayo (ubushyuhe bwa chip). Mubyongeyeho, kubera ko module yizuba module ifite ibiranga ko voltage igabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwubu, nuko rero hari ahantu heza ho gukora hashobora kubona ingufu ntarengwa. Imbaraga z'imirasire y'izuba zirahinduka, biragaragara ko ahantu heza ho gukorera hanahinduka. Ugereranije nizo mpinduka, aho ikorera ya selile yizuba module ihora kumurongo ntarengwa, kandi sisitemu ihora ibona ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba. Ubu bwoko bwo kugenzura nubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gukurikirana. Ikintu kinini kiranga inverter ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni umurimo wo gukurikirana ingufu ntarengwa (MPPT). Ibipimo Byibanze Byibanze bya Photovoltaic Inverter 1. Guhagarara k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi Muri sisitemu ya Photovoltaque, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba zibanza kubikwa na bateri, hanyuma igahinduka 220V cyangwa 380V ihinduranya amashanyarazi binyuze muri inverter. Nyamara, bateri yibasiwe nubushake bwayo no gusohora, kandi ingufu zayo zisohoka ziratandukanye murwego runini. Kurugero, bateri nominal 12V ifite agaciro ka voltage ishobora gutandukana hagati ya 10.8 na 14.4V (kurenza iyi ntera irashobora kwangiza bateri). Kuri inverter yujuje ibyangombwa, mugihe iyinjizwa rya terefone ya voltage ihindagurika murirwo rwego, itandukaniro ryumubyigano wacyo uhoraho-ntagomba kurenga Plusmn; 5% by'agaciro kagenwe. Mugihe kimwe, mugihe umutwaro uhindutse gitunguranye, ibisohoka bya voltage gutandukana ntibigomba kurenga ± 10% hejuru yagaciro. 2. Kugoreka kwa Waveform yo gusohora voltage Kuri iniverisite ya sine, ntarengwa byemewe kwemererwa kugoreka (cyangwa ibirimo guhuza) bigomba gutomorwa. Mubisanzwe bigaragazwa nuburyo bugoretse bwo kugoreka ibyasohotse mumashanyarazi, kandi agaciro kayo ntigomba kurenga 5% (10% biremewe gusohora icyiciro kimwe). Kuva murwego rwohejuru ruhuza ibyasohotse muri inverter bizabyara igihombo cyinyongera nkumuvuduko wa eddy kumitwaro ya inductive, niba kugoreka imivurungano ya inverter ari nini cyane, bizatera ubushyuhe bukabije bwibintu bitwara imizigo, ntabwo bifasha umutekano wibikoresho byamashanyarazi kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri sisitemu. imikorere myiza. 3. Ikigereranyo gisohoka inshuro Ku mizigo irimo moteri, nk'imashini imesa, firigo, nibindi, kubera ko ahantu heza ho gukorera moteri ari 50Hz, hejuru cyane cyangwa nkeya cyane bizatera ibikoresho gushyuha, bigabanye imikorere ya sisitemu nubuzima bwa serivisi, inverter rero Ibisohoka inshuro bigomba kuba bifite agaciro gahamye, mubisanzwe ingufu za 50Hz, kandi gutandukana kwayo bigomba kuba muri Plusmn; l% mubihe bisanzwe byakazi. 4. Umutwaro w'ingufu Kuranga ubushobozi bwa inverter hamwe numutwaro wa inductive cyangwa umutwaro wa capacitive. Imbaraga zumutwaro wa sine wave inverter ni 0.7 ~ 0.9, naho agaciro kagereranijwe ni 0.9. Kubireba imbaraga zumutwaro runaka, niba imbaraga za inverter ziri hasi, ubushobozi bwa inverter isabwa buziyongera. Ku ruhande rumwe, ikiguzi kiziyongera, kandi mugihe kimwe, imbaraga zigaragara zumuzunguruko wa AC wa sisitemu ya Photovoltaque uziyongera. Mugihe ibyiyongera, igihombo kiziyongera byanze bikunze, kandi imikorere ya sisitemu nayo izagabanuka. 5. Gukora neza Imikorere ya inverter yerekeza ku kigereranyo cyimbaraga zayo zisohoka nimbaraga zinjiza mugihe cyakazi cyakazi, cyerekanwe nkijanisha. Muri rusange, imikorere yizina ya involteri yerekana ifoto yerekana umutwaro urwanya. Ukurikije imiterere ya 80% yimikorere s. Kubera ko muri rusange ikiguzi cya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque ari kinini, imikorere ya inverter ya Photovoltaque igomba gukoreshwa cyane kugirango igabanye igiciro cya sisitemu no kunoza imikorere yimikorere ya fotora. Kugeza ubu, imikorere yizina rya inverteri yimbere iri hagati ya 80% na 95%, kandi imikorere yingufu nkeya irasabwa kuba munsi ya 85%. Muburyo nyabwo bwo gushushanya sisitemu yo gufotora, ntigomba gusa guhitamo inverter yo mu rwego rwo hejuru gusa, ahubwo igomba no gukoreshwa muburyo bukwiye kugirango sisitemu ikoreshwe kugirango umutwaro wa sisitemu ya fotokolta ukore hafi yuburyo bwiza bushoboka bushoboka. . 6. Ibipimo byasohotse bigezweho (cyangwa ubushobozi bwo gusohora umusaruro) Yerekana ibipimo byasohotse byasohotse muri inverter murwego rwerekanwe imbaraga zingirakamaro. Ibicuruzwa bimwe bya inverter bitanga ubushobozi bwasohotse, kandi igice cyacyo kigaragarira muri VA cyangwa kVA. Ubushobozi bwapimwe bwa inverter nigicuruzwa cyibisohoka byapimwe byapimwe hamwe nibisohoka byerekanwe mugihe ibintu bisohoka ari 1 (ni ukuvuga umutwaro urwanya gusa). 7. Ingamba zo gukingira Inverter ifite imikorere myiza igomba kandi kuba ifite ibikorwa byuzuye byo kurinda cyangwa ingamba zo guhangana nibihe bitandukanye bidasanzwe bibaho mugihe gikoreshwa nyirizina, kugirango birinde inverter ubwayo nibindi bice bya sisitemu kwangirika. 1) Injira konti yubwishingizi bwa undervoltage: Iyo iyinjizwa rya terefone ya voltage iri munsi ya 85% ya voltage yagenwe, inverter igomba kugira uburinzi no kwerekana. 2) Kwinjiza birenze urugero birenze urugero: Iyo ibyinjira byinjira byinjira hejuru ya 130% ya voltage yagenwe, inverter igomba kugira uburinzi no kwerekana. 3) Kurinda birenze urugero: Kurinda birenze urugero inverter bigomba gushobora gukora mugihe gikwiye mugihe umutwaro uri mukuzunguruka mugihe gito cyangwa ikigezweho kirenze agaciro kemewe, kugirango wirinde kwangizwa numuyaga mwinshi. Mugihe ibikorwa byakazi birenze 150% byagaciro kagenwe, inverter igomba kuba ishobora guhita irinda. 4) gusohora umutekano muke kurinda Ibikorwa bigufi byo kurinda ibikorwa byigihe bya inverter ntibigomba kurenza 0.5s. 5) Ongera uhindure polarite irinda: Iyo inkingi nziza nibibi byinjiza byanyuma byahinduwe, inverter igomba kugira ibikorwa byo kurinda no kwerekana. 6) Kurinda inkuba: Inverter igomba kugira inkuba. 7) Kurinda ubushyuhe burenze, nibindi Byongeye kandi, kuri inverter idafite ingamba zo guhagarika ingufu za voltage, inverter igomba kandi kugira ingamba zo gukingira birenze urugero kugirango irinde umutwaro kwangirika kwinshi. 8. Gutangira ibiranga Kuranga ubushobozi bwa inverter yo gutangirana numutwaro nibikorwa mugihe gikora. Inverter igomba kwemeza kwizerwa guhera munsi yumutwaro wagenwe. 9. Urusaku Ibigize nka transformateur, inductor zungurura, amashanyarazi ya electronique hamwe nabafana mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byamashanyarazi bizabyara urusaku. Iyo inverter ikora mubisanzwe, urusaku rwayo ntirugomba kurenga 80dB, kandi urusaku rwa inverter nto ntirurenga 65dB. Guhitamo Ubuhanga bwa Solar Inverters