Kugeza mu 2024, isoko ryo kubika ingufu ku isi ryateye imbere byatumye hamenyekana buhoro buhoro agaciro gakomeye kasisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiriku masoko atandukanye, cyane cyane ku isoko ry’ingufu zituruka ku zuba, ryagiye rihinduka igice cyingenzi cya gride. Bitewe nigihe kimwe ningufu zingufu zizuba, itangwa ryayo ntirihinduka, kandi sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri irashobora gutanga amabwiriza yumurongo, bityo bikaringaniza neza imikorere ya gride. Kujya imbere, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu bizagira uruhare runini mugutanga ubushobozi bwo hejuru no gutinda gukenera ishoramari rihenze mugukwirakwiza, guhererekanya, no kubyara ibikoresho.
Ibiciro bya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'izuba na batiri byagabanutse cyane mumyaka icumi ishize. Mu masoko menshi, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zigenda zangiza buhoro buhoro guhangana n’imyanda gakondo n’ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu za kirimbuzi. Mu gihe abantu benshi bemezaga ko kubyara ingufu zidasubirwaho byari bihenze cyane, uyumunsi ikiguzi cy’ingufu zimwe na zimwe z’ibinyabuzima kirenze cyane ikiguzi cy’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu.
Byongeye kandi,ihuriro ryibikoresho byizuba + birashobora gutanga ingufu kuri gride, gusimbuza uruhare rw'amashanyarazi asanzwe akoreshwa na gaze. Hamwe nigiciro cyishoramari kumashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba yagabanutse cyane kandi ntamavuta yakoreshejwe mubuzima bwabo bwose, guhuza bimaze gutanga ingufu kubiciro buke ugereranije n’amasoko gakondo. Iyo amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ahujwe na sisitemu yo kubika bateri, imbaraga zayo zirashobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyihariye, kandi igihe cyihuse cyo gusubiza bateri cyemerera imishinga yabo gusubiza byimazeyo ibikenewe kumasoko yubushobozi ndetse nisoko rya serivisi zifasha.
Kugeza ubu,bateri ya lithium-ion ishingiye kuri tekinoroji ya lithium fer fosifate (LiFePO4) yiganje ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu.Izi bateri zikoreshwa cyane kubera umutekano wazo mwinshi, ubuzima bwigihe kirekire hamwe nubushyuhe buhoraho. Nubwo ubwinshi bwingufu zabateri ya lithium ferni munsi gato ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa bateri ya lithium, baracyafite intambwe igaragara mugutezimbere umusaruro, kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ibiciro. Biteganijwe ko mu 2030, igiciro cya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate kizakomeza kugabanuka, mu gihe guhangana kwabo ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu bizakomeza kwiyongera.
Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bwihuse bukenewe ku mashanyarazi,sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, Sisitemu yo gukoresha ingufu za C&Ina sisitemu nini yo kubika ingufu, ibyiza bya bateri ya Li-FePO4 mubijyanye nigiciro, ubuzima bwose numutekano bituma bahitamo kwizewe. Nubwo intego z’ubucucike bwazo zishobora kuba zidafite akamaro nkizindi za bateri za chimique, ibyiza byayo mumutekano no kuramba biha umwanya mubikorwa byo gusaba bisaba kwizerwa igihe kirekire.
Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe wohereje ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu za bateri
Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe wohereza ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu. Imbaraga nigihe cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri biterwa nintego yayo mumushinga. Intego yumushinga igenwa nagaciro kayo mubukungu. Agaciro kayo mu bukungu gashingiye ku isoko sisitemu yo kubika ingufu yitabira. Iri soko amaherezo rigena uburyo bateri izagabana ingufu, kwishyuza cyangwa gusohora, nigihe izamara. Imbaraga nigihe rero cya bateri ntigena gusa ikiguzi cyishoramari rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, ahubwo nubuzima bukora.
Inzira yo kwishyuza no gusohora sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri izabyara inyungu kumasoko amwe. Mu bindi bihe, hasabwa gusa ikiguzi cyo kwishyuza, kandi ikiguzi cyo kwishyuza nigiciro cyo gukora ubucuruzi bwo kubika ingufu. Umubare nigipimo cyo kwishyuza ntabwo bihwanye nubunini bwo gusohora.
Kurugero, muri gride-nini yizuba + yububiko bwingufu za batiri, cyangwa mububiko bwa sisitemu yo kubika abakiriya bakoresha ingufu zizuba, sisitemu yo kubika bateri ikoresha ingufu ziva mumirasire y'izuba kugirango zemererwe inguzanyo zishoramari (ITCs). Kurugero, hari impinduka zijyanye no kwishyura-kuri-sisitemu yo kubika ingufu mu mashyirahamwe yohereza uturere (RTOs). Mu nguzanyo yimisoro yishoramari (ITC) urugero, sisitemu yo kubika batiri yongerera agaciro kangana umushinga, bityo byongera igipimo cyimbere cya nyiracyo. Murugero rwa PJM, sisitemu yo kubika bateri yishura kwishyuza no gusohora, bityo indishyi zayo zo kwishyura zihwanye numuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Birasa nkaho bivuguruzanya kuvuga ko imbaraga nigihe cya bateri bigena ubuzima bwayo. Ibintu byinshi nkimbaraga, igihe bimara, nubuzima bwose bituma tekinoroji yo kubika bateri itandukanye nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga. Intandaro ya bateri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ni bateri. Nka selile yizuba, ibikoresho byabo bigenda byangirika mugihe, bikagabanya imikorere. Imirasire y'izuba itakaza ingufu kandi ikora neza, mugihe iyangirika rya batiri ritera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu.Mugihe izuba rishobora kumara imyaka 20-25, sisitemu yo kubika batiri mubisanzwe imara imyaka 10 kugeza 15 gusa.
Ibiciro byo gusimbuza no gusimbuza bigomba gutekerezwa kumushinga uwo ariwo wose. Ubushobozi bwo gusimburwa buterwa ninjiza yumushinga nibisabwa bijyanye nigikorwa cyayo.
Ibintu bine byingenzi biganisha ku kugabanuka kwimikorere ya bateri ni?
- Ubushyuhe bwo gukora
- Amashanyarazi
- Impuzandengo ya bateri yumuriro (SOC)
- 'Oscillation' yikigereranyo cya bateri isanzwe yishyurwa (SOC), ni ukuvuga intera yigihe cyo kugereranya cya bateri (SOC) ko bateri iba mugihe kinini. Impamvu ya gatatu n'iya kane bifitanye isano.
Hariho ingamba ebyiri zo gucunga ubuzima bwa bateri mumushinga.Ingamba yambere nukugabanya ingano ya bateri niba umushinga ushyigikiwe ninjiza no kugabanya ibiciro byateganijwe gusimburwa. Mu masoko menshi, amafaranga ateganijwe kwinjiza arashobora gushyigikira ibiciro byo gusimbuza ejo hazaza. Muri rusange, kugabanya ibiciro bizaza mubice bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo kugereranya ibiciro byo gusimbuza ejo hazaza, ibyo bikaba bihuye nuburambe ku isoko mumyaka 10 ishize. Ingamba ya kabiri ni ukongera ubunini bwa bateri kugirango ugabanye igiteranyo cyayo cyose (cyangwa C-igipimo, bisobanurwa gusa nko kwishyuza cyangwa gusohora isaha) ushyira mubikorwa selile zibangikanye. Kwishyuza hasi no gusohora amashanyarazi bikunda gutanga ubushyuhe buke kuva bateri itanga ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora. Niba hari ingufu zirenze muri sisitemu yo kubika bateri kandi hagakoreshwa ingufu nke, ingano yo kwishyuza no gusohora bateri izagabanuka kandi ubuzima bwayo bwiyongere.
Amashanyarazi / gusohora ni ijambo ryingenzi.Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zikoresha 'cycle' nk'igipimo cy'ubuzima bwa bateri. Mubikorwa byo kubika ingufu zihagaze, bateri zirashobora kuzunguruka igice, bivuze ko zishobora kwishyurwa igice cyangwa gusohoka igice, hamwe na buri giciro no gusohora bidahagije.
Ingufu za Bateri ziboneka.Porogaramu yo kubika ingufu zishobora kuzenguruka munsi ya rimwe kumunsi kandi, bitewe nisoko ryisoko, irashobora kurenza iyi metero. Kubwibyo, abakozi bagomba kumenya ubuzima bwa bateri mugusuzuma ibyinjijwe.
Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu Ubuzima no Kugenzura
Kugerageza ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu bigizwe nibice bibiri byingenzi.Ubwa mbere, gupima selile ya batiri ningirakamaro mugusuzuma ubuzima bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri.Igeragezwa rya selile yerekana imbaraga nintege nke za selile ya batiri kandi ifasha abayikora kumva uburyo bateri igomba kwinjizwa muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kandi niba uku kwishyira hamwe gukwiye.
Urukurikirane hamwe nuburinganire bwa selile ya selile ifasha kumva uburyo sisitemu ya bateri ikora nuburyo yateguwe.Utugingo ngengabuzima twa bateri duhujwe murukurikirane twemerera gutondekanya ingufu za bateri, bivuze ko sisitemu ya voltage ya sisitemu ya bateri hamwe na selile nyinshi ihujwe na selile ingana na voltage ya bateri imwe kugwiza numubare w'utugari. Ibikoresho bya batiri byubatswe bitanga inyungu zigiciro, ariko kandi bifite ibibi. Iyo batteri ihujwe murukurikirane, selile zitandukanye zishushanya icyerekezo kimwe na paki ya batiri. Kurugero, niba selile imwe ifite voltage ntarengwa ya 1V numuyoboro ntarengwa wa 1A, noneho selile 10 murukurikirane zifite voltage ntarengwa ya 10V, ariko ziracyafite amashanyarazi ntarengwa ya 1A, kubwimbaraga zose za 10V * 1A = 10W. Iyo uhujwe murukurikirane, sisitemu ya bateri ihura nikibazo cyo gukurikirana voltage. Igenzura rya voltage rirashobora gukorerwa kumapaki ya batiri ahujwe kugirango agabanye ibiciro, ariko biragoye kumenya ibyangiritse cyangwa ubushobozi bwangirika kwingirangingo.
Kurundi ruhande, bateri zibangikanye zemerera gutondekanya kurubu, bivuze ko voltage yumubyigano wa batiri ibangikanye ihwanye na voltage ya selile imwe kandi sisitemu ya sisitemu ihwanye na selile ya selile kugwiza numubare w'utugari tubangikanye. Kurugero, niba hakoreshejwe bateri imwe ya 1V, 1A, bateri ebyiri zirashobora guhuzwa mugihe kimwe, bizagabanya umuyagankuba mo kabiri, hanyuma ibice 10 bya bateri bisa birashobora guhuzwa murukurikirane kugirango bigere kuri 10V kuri voltage ya 1V na 1A , ariko ibi nibisanzwe muburyo bubangikanye.
Iri tandukaniro hagati yuruhererekane nuburyo bubangikanye bwo guhuza batiri ni ngombwa mugihe usuzumye ingwate ya batiri cyangwa politiki ya garanti. Ibintu bikurikira biranyura mubyiciro hanyuma amaherezo bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwa bateri:ibiranga isoko ➜ kwishyuza / gusohora imyitwarire limitations sisitemu igarukira series urukurikirane rwa batiri hamwe nubwubatsi bubangikanye.Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bwamazina ya batiri ntabwo bwerekana ko kubaka birenze bishobora kubaho muri sisitemu yo kubika batiri. Kubaho byubaka ni ngombwa kuri garanti ya batiri, kuko igena ingufu za bateri nubushyuhe (ubushyuhe bwimiturire ya selile murwego rwa SOC), mugihe ibikorwa bya buri munsi bizagena igihe cya bateri.
Igeragezwa rya sisitemu ni umugereka wo gupima selile ya batiri kandi akenshi irakoreshwa mubisabwa umushinga werekana imikorere ya sisitemu ya bateri.
Kugirango usohoze amasezerano, abakora bateri yo kubika ingufu mubisanzwe batezimbere protocole yinganda cyangwa umurima wo kugenzura kugirango bagenzure imikorere nibikorwa bya sisitemu, ariko ntibishobora gukemura ibibazo byimikorere ya bateri irenze ubuzima bwa bateri. Ikiganiro rusange kijyanye no gutangiza umurima nuburyo bwo gupima ubushobozi kandi niba bujyanye na sisitemu ya bateri.
Akamaro ko Kwipimisha Bateri
DNV GL imaze kugerageza bateri, amakuru yinjizwa mumashanyarazi ya bateri yumwaka, atanga amakuru yigenga kubaguzi ba sisitemu. Amanota yerekana uburyo bateri yitabira ibintu bine bisabwa: ubushyuhe, ikigezweho, bivuze uko byishyurwa (SOC) kandi bivuze uko ihindagurika (SOC) ihindagurika.
Ikizamini kigereranya imikorere ya batiri hamwe nuruhererekane rwayo-ibangikanye, sisitemu igarukira, kwishyuza isoko / imyitwarire yo gusohora n'imikorere y'isoko. Iyi serivisi idasanzwe igenzura yigenga ko abakora bateri bashinzwe kandi bagasuzuma neza garanti zabo kugirango ba nyiri sisitemu ya batiri bashobore gusuzuma neza amakuru yerekana ingaruka zabo za tekiniki.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu
Kugirango umenye icyerekezo cyo kubika bateri,guhitamo abatanga isoko ni ngombwa- gukorana rero ninzobere mu bya tekiniki zizewe zumva ibintu byose byingirakamaro zingirakamaro hamwe namahirwe niyo nzira nziza yo gutsinda umushinga. Guhitamo bateri yububiko bwa sisitemu igomba kwemeza ko sisitemu yujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, sisitemu yo kubika bateri yageragejwe hakurikijwe UL9450A kandi raporo yikizamini irahari kugirango isubirwemo. Ibindi bisabwa byihariye byihariye, nkibindi byongeweho kumenya umuriro no kurinda cyangwa guhumeka, ntibishobora gushyirwa mubicuruzwa fatizo byakozwe nuwabikoze kandi bizakenera gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyongeweho.
Muri make, ibikoresho-byo kubika ingufu-byingirakamaro birashobora gukoreshwa mugutanga ingufu zamashanyarazi no gushyigikira ingingo-yumutwaro, icyifuzo gikenewe, hamwe nigisubizo cyingufu zigihe gito. Izi sisitemu zikoreshwa mubice byinshi aho sisitemu ya lisansi yimyanda hamwe na / cyangwa kuzamura gakondo bifatwa nkibidakorwa neza, bidashoboka cyangwa bihenze. Ibintu byinshi birashobora guhindura iterambere ryimishinga nkiyi hamwe nubushobozi bwamafaranga.
Ni ngombwa gukorana nuwabikoze mububiko bwizewe.BSLBATT Ingufu nisoko riyobora isoko ryo gutanga ibisubizo byubwenge bwa batiri, gushushanya, gukora no gutanga ibisubizo byubuhanga buhanitse kubikorwa byinzobere. Icyerekezo cy'isosiyete cyibanze ku gufasha abakiriya gukemura ibibazo by’ingufu zidasanzwe bigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwabo, kandi ubuhanga bwa BSLBATT bushobora gutanga ibisubizo byihariye kugira ngo bihuze intego z’abakiriya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2024