Kunyangwe muna 2022, PV chengetedzo ichave ichiri nyaya inopisa, uye bhatiri rekugara ndiro chikamu chiri kukurumidza kukurumidza chesolar, kugadzira misika mitsva nemikana yekuwedzera solar retrofit yedzimba nemabhizinesi makuru nemadiki pasirese.Yekugara bhatiri backupyakakosha kune chero imba yezuva, kunyanya kana paine dutu kana imwe emergency. Panzvimbo pekutumira kunze simba rezuva rakawandisa kune grid, ko kuzoichengeta mumabhatiri kuitira emergency? Asi simba rezuva rakachengetwa ringabatsira sei? Tichakuzivisa nezve mutengo uye pundutso yegadziriro yekuchengetera bhatiri repamba uye nekutsanangura mapoinzi akakosha aunofanirwa kurangarira kana uchitenga iyo chaiyo yekuchengetedza system. Chii chinonzi Residential Battery Storage System?Inoshanda Sei? Iyo yekugara bhatiri yekuchengetedza kana photovoltaic yekuchengetedza sisitimu inobatsira kuwedzera kune iyo photovoltaic system kutora mukana weiyo mabhenefiti ezuva uye ichaita basa rinowedzera rakakosha mukumhanyisa kutsiviwa kwefossil ine simba rinodzokororwa. Bhatiri reimba yezuva rinochengeta magetsi anogadzirwa kubva kusimba rezuva uye anoasunungura kune anoshanda panguva inodiwa. Battery backup simba inzvimbo ine hushamwari uye inodhura inoshanda kune gasi jenareta. Avo vanoshandisa photovoltaic system kugadzira magetsi ivo pachavo vachakurumidza kusvika pamiganhu yayo. Pakati pemasikati, sisitimu inopa yakawanda simba rezuva, chete ipapo hapana munhu pamba angaishandisa. Manheru, kune rumwe rutivi, magetsi akawanda anodiwa - asi ipapo zuva harichapenya. Kuripira gaka rekupa iyi, magetsi anodhura zvakanyanya anotengwa kubva kune grid opareta. 
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kuchengetedza kwebhatiri rekugara kunenge kusingadzivisiki. Izvi zvinoreva kuti magetsi asina kushandiswa kubva masikati anowanikwa manheru uye usiku. Magetsi anogadzirwa ega anowanikwa nguva dzese uye zvisinei nemamiriro ekunze. Nenzira iyi, kushandiswa kwega-yakagadzirwa simba rezuva kunowedzerwa kusvika ku80%. Chiyero chekuzvigadzirisa, kureva chikamu chekushandiswa kwemagetsi chakavharwa nesolar system, chinowedzera kusvika ku60%. Iyo yekugara bhatiri backup idiki pane firiji uye inogona kuiswa pamadziro muimba yekushandisa. Masisitimu emazuva ano ekuchengetera ane hungwaru hukuru hunogona kushandisa fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze uye kuzvidzidzira-algorithms kuderedza imba kusvika pakunyanya kuzvidyira. Kuwana kusununguka kwesimba hakuna kumbova nyore - kunyange kana imba ikaramba yakabatana kune gridhi. Ko Imba Yekuchengeta Bhatiri System Yakakodzera iyo? Ndezvipi Zvinhu Zvinotsamira Pazviri? Kuchengetera bhatiri rekugara kwakakosha kuti imba ine simba rezuva irambe ichishanda mukati memagetsi emagetsi uye ichashanda manheru. Asi saizvozvi, mabhatiri ezuva anovandudza hupfumi hwehurongwa hwebhizinesi nekuchengeta simba remagetsi rezuva iro raizopihwa kudzoka kune grid nekurasikirwa, kungoisazve iro simba remagetsi dzimwe nguva kana simba richinyanya kudhura. Kuchengetera bhatiri reimba kunochengetedza muridzi wesolar kubva mukukundikana kwegridi uye inodzivirira system bhizinesi rehupfumi maringe nekugadziridzwa kwemitengo yesimba masisitimu. Kuti zvakakosha here kuisa mari mukati zvinoenderana nezvakati wandei zvinhu: Nhamba yemari yekudyara. Iyo yakaderera mutengo pa kilowatt-awa yekugona, nekukurumidza iyo yekuchengetedza system ichazvibhadhara pachayo. Hupenyu hwesebhatiri reimba yezuva Waranti yemugadziri yemakore gumi ndeye tsika muindasitiri. Zvisinei, hupenyu hurefu hunobatsira hunofungidzirwa. Mazhinji mabhatiri ekumba ezuva ane lithium-ion tekinoroji anoshanda akavimbika kweanosvika makore makumi maviri. Mugove wemagetsi ega ega Iyo yakawanda solar kuchengetedza inowedzera kuzvidyira, iyo inonyanya kuve yakakosha. Magetsi anodhura kana atengwa kubva mugetsi Apo mitengo yemagetsi yakakwirira, varidzi ve photovoltaic systems vanochengetedza nekudya magetsi anogadzirwa. Mumakore mashoma anotevera, mitengo yemagetsi inotarisirwa kuramba ichikwira, saka vazhinji vanofunga kuti mabhatiri ezuva semari yekuchenjera. Grid-yakabatana tariffs Vashoma varidzi ve solar system vanogamuchira pa kilowatt-awa, iyo yakawanda inobhadhara kuti vachengete magetsi pane kuidyisa mugridi. Mumakore makumi maviri adarika, mutero weGrid-connected waramba uchidzikira uye ucharamba ukadaro. Ndeapi Marudzi eBattery Energy Storage Systems Anowanikwa? Masisitimu ekuchengetedza bhatiri repamba anopa akawanda mabhenefiti, anosanganisira kusimba, kuchengetedza mutengo uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwakaganhurirwa (kunozivikanwawo se "simba rakagoverwa kumba"). Saka ndeapi mapoka emabhatiri emusha wezuva? Tinofanira kusarudza sei? Functional Classification by Backup Basa: 1. Kumba UPS Power Supply Iri ibasa remaindasitiri-giredhi rekuchengetedza simba rinoda kuti zvipatara, makamuri edhata, hurumende yemubatanidzwa kana misika yemauto inowanzoda kuti irambe ichishanda yemidziyo yavo yakakosha uye zvakare inonzwisisika. Iine imba yeUPS magetsi, mwenje mumba mako unogona kusatombopenya kana gidhi remagetsi rikatadza. Dzimba zhinji hadzidi kana kuronga kubhadhara dhigirii iri rekuvimbika - kunze kwekunge vari kuita zvakakosha zvekiriniki mumba mako. 2. 'Inovhiringidzwa' Power Supply (izere imba back-up). Nhanho inotevera kubva kuUPS ndiyo yatinodaidza se 'interruptible power supply', kana IPS. IPS ichagonesa imba yako yese kuti irambe ichimhanya pasolar & mabhatiri kana gidhi rikadzikira, asi iwe unozoona nguva pfupi (masekonzi mashoma) apo zvese zvinoenda zvitema kana grey mumba mako seye back-up system. inopinda midziyo. Ungangoda kusetazve wachi yako inobwaira yemagetsi, asi kunze kwaizvozvo unozogona kushandisa chimwe nechimwe chemidziyo yako yepamba sezvawaisiita kwenguva yakareba kana mabhatiri ako apera. 3. Emergency Situation Power Supply (partial back-up). Kumwe kuita kwesimba rekuchengetedza kunoshanda nekumisikidza mamiriro ekukurumidzira wedunhu kana yaona kuti grid yadzikira. Izvi zvinobvumidza magetsi emagetsi emumba akabatana nedunhu rino- kazhinji mafiriji, marambi pamwe chete nemagetsi mashoma akatsaurwa emagetsi- kuti aenderere mberi achimhanyisa mabhatiri uye / kana mafotovoltaic mapaneru kwenguva yekudzima. Iyi mhando yekudzosera-back-up inonyanya kuve imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa, ane musoro uye ane hushamwari sarudzo yedzimba dzepasirese, sezvo kumhanya imba yese pabhatiri bhangi kuchakurumidza kudzipedza. 4. Partial off-grid Solar & Storage System. Sarudzo yekupedzisira inogona kubata maziso ndeye 'partial off-grid system'. Iine chikamu che-off-grid system, iyo pfungwa ndeyekugadzira yakazvipira 'off-grid' nzvimbo yemba, iyo inogara ichishanda pasolar & bhatiri system yakakura zvakakwana kuzvichengetedza pasina kudhirowa simba kubva kune grid. Nenzira iyi, mijenya yemhuri inodiwa (mafiriji, mwenje, nezvimwewo) ramba wakabatika kunyangwe gidhi rikadzikira, pasina kana kukanganisa. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo solar & mabhatiri akakura kuti ashande nekusingaperi ari ega pasina grid, hapazove nechikonzero chekugovera mashandisiro emagetsi kunze kwekunge mamwe maturusi akabaiwa muoff-grid wedunhu. Classification kubva kuBattery Chemistry Technology: Lead-asidhi Mabhatiri SeKugara Battery Backup 
Lead-asidhi mabhatirindiwo mabhatiri ekare anogona kugadzirwa uye bhatiri rinodhura rakaderera rinowanikwa rekuchengetedza simba pamusika. Vakaonekwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura, mumakore ekuma1900, uye kusvikira nhasi vanoramba vari mabhatiri anosarudzwa mumapurogiramu akawanda nekuda kwekusimba kwavo uye kudhura kwavo. Kukanganisa kwavo kukuru ndiko kuderera kwesimba ravo (inorema uye yakakura) uye hupenyu hwavo hupfupi, vasingagamuchire huwandu hukuru hwekurodha uye kurodha mitsetse, mabhatiri e-lead-acid anoda kugara achigadziriswa kuti aenzanise kemikari mubhatiri, saka maitiro ayo. ita kuti zvisakodzere zvepakati nepamusoro-frequency discharge kana maapplication anotora makore gumi kana kupfuura. Ivo zvakare vane dhizaini yekudzika kwakadzika kwekubuda, izvo zvinowanzoganhurwa ku80% mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya kana 20% mukushanda nguva dzose, kwehupenyu hurefu. Kuwedzera-kuburitsa kunokanganisa maelectrode ebhatiri, izvo zvinoderedza kugona kwayo kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza hupenyu hwayo. Lead-asidhi mabhatiri anoda kugara achichengetedza mamiriro avo ekuchajisa uye anofanirwa kugara achichengetwa pahuwandu hwekuchajisa kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekuyangarara (kugadziriswa kwechaji nemagetsi madiki, akakwana kudzima mhedzisiro yekuzviburitsa). Aya mabhatiri anogona kuwanikwa mune akati wandei mavhezheni. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa mabhatiri emagetsi, anoshandisa electrolyte yemvura, valve regulated gel mabhatiri (VRLA) uye mabhatiri ane electrolyte akaiswa mufiberglass mat (inozivikanwa seAGM - absorbent glass mat), iyo ine kushanda kwepakati uye yakaderedzwa mutengo kana ichienzaniswa nemabhatiri egel. Valve-regulated mabhatiri anenge akavharwa, izvo zvinodzivirira kubuda uye kuoma kwe electrolyte. Ivhavha inoshanda mukusunungurwa kwemagasi mumamiriro ezvinhu akawandisa. Mamwe mabhatiri e-lead acid anogadzirwa kune akamira maindasitiri maapplication uye anogona kubvuma kudzika kwekuyerera kutenderera. Kune zvakare imwe shanduro yemazuva ano, iyo inotungamira-kabhoni bhatiri. Carbon-based zvinhu zvakawedzerwa kuma electrode zvinopa kubhadharisa kwakakwira uye kubuda kwemhepo, kusimba kwesimba, uye hupenyu hurefu. Imwe bhenefiti yemabhatiri e-lead-acid (mune chero mutsauko wayo) ndeyekuti haadi yakaomesesa yekuchaja system (sezvakaita nemabhatiri e-lithium, ayo atichaona zvinotevera). Mabhatiri emutobvu haanyanyi kubata moto uye kuputika kana akawandisa nekuti electrolyte yawo haibatiki semabhatiri e lithium. Zvakare, kuwedzeresa kushoma hakuna njodzi mumhando idzi dzemabhatiri. Kunyangwe mamwe ma charger controller ane basa rekuenzanisa iro rinowedzera zvishoma bhatiri kana bhatiri bhangi, zvichiita kuti mabhatiri ese asvike pakuchajiwa kwakazara. Munguva yekuenzanisa maitiro, mabhatiri anozopedzisira azara pamberi pevamwe vanozoita kuti voltage yavo iwedzere zvishoma, pasina njodzi, nepo ikozvino inoyerera kazhinji kuburikidza neserial kusangana kwezvinhu. Nenzira iyi, tinogona kutaura kuti mabhatiri ekutungamira ane kugona kuenzana zvakasikwa uye kusaenzana kudiki pakati pemabhatiri ebhatiri kana pakati pemabhatiri ebhangi haapi njodzi. Kuita:Kushanda kwemabhatiri e-lead-asidhi kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura kweiyo lithium mabhatiri. Nepo kushanda zvakanaka kunoenderana nechaji, kuita rwendo rwekudzokera ne85% kunowanzo fungidzirwa. Kukwanisa kuchengeta:Lead-asidhi mabhatiri anouya mumhando yemagetsi uye saizi, asi anorema 2-3 kakawanda pakWh pane lithium iron phosphate, zvichienderana nekunaka kwebhatiri. Mutengo webhatiri:Lead-asidhi mabhatiri ane 75% isingadhuri kupfuura lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri, asi usanyengerwa nemutengo wakaderera. Aya mabhatiri haakwanise kuchajwa kana kuburitswa nekukurumidza, ane hupenyu hupfupi, haana inodzivirira bhatiri system system, uye angangodawo kugadzirisa kwevhiki. Izvi zvinoguma nemutengo wepamusoro wepakati pese pane zvinonzwisisika kuderedza mutengo wemagetsi kana kutsigira zvinorema-duty midziyo. Lithium mabhatiri SeImba Yekugara Battery Backup 
Parizvino, mabhatiri akanyanya kubudirira mune zvekutengeserana ari lithium-ion mabhatiri. Mushure mekunge lithium-ion tekinoroji inoshandiswa kune inotakurika zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, yakapinda muminda yezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri, masisitimu emagetsi, Photovoltaic simba rekuchengetedza uye mota dzemagetsi. Lithium-ion mabhatiriKupfuura mamwe marudzi mazhinji emabhatiri anochajwa mune zvakawanda zvinhu, kusanganisira simba rekuchengetedza simba, huwandu hwebasa rekuita, kumhanya kwekuchaja, uye mutengo-kushanda. Parizvino, nyaya chete ndeyekuchengetedza, electrolytes inopisa inogona kubata moto pakupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinoda kushandiswa kwemagetsi ekutonga uye kuongorora maitiro. Lithium ndiyo yakareruka pane ese masimbi, ine yakanyanya kunaka electrochemical, uye inopa yakakwira volumetric uye simba guru density kupfuura mamwe anozivikanwa mabhatiri matekinoroji. Lithium-ion tekinoroji yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kutyaira kushandiswa kwesimba rekuchengetedza masisitimu, anonyanya kubatanidzwa neakareruka anodzoreredzwa magetsi masosi (solar nemhepo), uye zvakare akafambisa kutorwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Lithium-ion mabhatiri anoshandiswa mumagetsi masisitimu uye mota dzemagetsi ndeemhando yemvura. Aya mabhatiri anoshandisa chimiro chekare che electrochemical bhatiri, ine maelectrode maviri akanyudzwa mumvura ye electrolyte mhinduro. Separators (porous insulating materials) anoshandiswa kuparadzanisa magetsi emagetsi uku achibvumira kufamba kwemahara kwemaion kuburikidza nemvura electrolyte. Chinhu chikuru che electrolyte kubvumira kufambiswa kweionic current (inoumbwa neiyoni, ari maatomu ane kuwandisa kana kushaya maerekitironi), asi usingabvumiri maerekitironi kuti apfuure (sezvinoitika muzvinhu zvinoitisa). Kutsinhana kwemaion pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrode ndiyo hwaro hwekushanda kwemabhatiri emagetsi. Tsvagiridzo yemabhatiri e lithium inogona kuteverwa kumashure kuma1970s, uye tekinoroji yakakura uye yakatanga kushandiswa kwekutengesa kuma1990s. Lithium polymer mabhatiri (ane polymer electrolytes) ave kushandiswa mumafoni ebhatiri, makomputa uye akasiyana nharembozha, achitsiva ekare nickel-cadmium mabhatiri, dambudziko guru ndere "memory effect" iyo inoderedza zvishoma nezvishoma kuchengetedza. Kana bhatiri rachajwa risati ranyatsobuda. Kuenzaniswa nemabhatiri ekare nickel-cadmium, kunyanya mabhatiri e-lead-asidi, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion ane simba repamusoro (zvitoro rinowedzera simba pavhoriyamu), ane yakaderera-yekuzviburitsa coefficient, uye anogona kumirisana nekuchaja kwakawanda uye Nhamba yekutenderera kutenderera. , zvinoreva hupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Kuma2000 ekutanga, mabhatiri e lithium akatanga kushandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari. Kunenge muna 2010, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion akawana kufarira mukuchengetedza simba remagetsi mumashandisi ekugara uyemahombe eESS (Energy Storage System) masisitimu, zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuwedzera kushandiswa kwamanyuko emagetsi munyika yose. Simba remazuva ano renewable (solar nemhepo). Lithium-ion mabhatiri anogona kuve nemabatiro akasiyana, mararamiro, uye mutengo, zvichienderana nekuti anogadzirwa sei. Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvakatsanangurwa, kunyanya zvemagetsi. Kazhinji, lithium bhatiri rine simbi ye lithium-based electrode inoumba yakanaka terminal yebhatiri uye kabhoni (graphite) electrode inoumba iyo isina kunaka terminal. Zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hunoshandiswa, lithium-based electrodes inogona kuva nemaitiro akasiyana. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira lithium mabhatiri uye hunhu hukuru hwemabhatiri aya ndeaya anotevera: Lithium uye Cobalt Oxides (LCO):Simba rakanyanya simba (Wh / kg), simba rakanaka rekuchengetedza uye hupenyu hunogutsa (nhamba yemagetsi), inokodzera zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvisingabatsiri isimba rakananga (W / kg) Diki, kuderedza kutakura uye kukurumidza kukurumidza; Lithium uye Manganese Oxides (LMO):bvumira kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa mafungu ane simba rakaderera (Wh / kg), izvo zvinoderedza kuchengetedza; Lithium, nickel, Manganese uye Cobalt (NMC):Inobatanidza zvinhu zveLCO uye LMO mabhatiri.Kuwedzera, kuvapo kwe nickel muhutano kunobatsira kuwedzera simba rakananga, kupa simba guru rekuchengetedza. Nickel, manganese uye cobalt zvinogona kushandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana (kutsigira imwe kana imwe) zvichienderana nerudzi rwekushandisa. Pakazara, mhedzisiro yemusanganiswa uyu ibhatiri rine kuita kwakanaka, kugona kwakanaka kwekuchengetedza, hupenyu hurefu, uye mutengo wakaderera. Lithium, nickel, manganese uye cobalt (NMC):Inosanganisa mabhatiri eLCO neLMO. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo kwe nickel muhutano kunobatsira kusimudza simba rakananga, kupa simba guru rekuchengetedza. Nickel, manganese uye cobalt inogona kushandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nerudzi rwekushandiswa (kufarira chimwe chimiro kana chimwe). Kazhinji, mhedzisiro yemusanganiswa uyu ibhatiri rine kuita kwakanaka, kugona kwakanaka kwekuchengetedza, hupenyu hwakanaka, uye mutengo uri pakati nepakati. Iri rudzi rwebhatiri rave richishandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzemagetsi uye rakakodzerawo kune yakamira simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu; Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP):Iko kusanganiswa kweLFP kunopa mabhatiri ane maitiro akanaka ekuita (chaji uye kukurumidza kuburitsa), hupenyu hwakawedzerwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzera nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo kwekupisa. Kusavapo kwenickel uye cobalt mukuumbwa kwavo kunoderedza mutengo uye kunowedzera kuwanikwa kwemabhatiri aya ekugadzirwa kwehuwandu. Kunyange zvazvo simba rayo rekuchengetedza risati riri repamusoro-soro, rakagamuchirwa nevagadziri vemotokari dzemagetsi uye masimba ekuchengetedza simba nekuda kwemaitiro ayo akawanda anobatsira, kunyanya kudhura kwayo uye kusimba kwakanaka; Lithium uye Titanium (LTO):Iro zita rinoreva mabhatiri ane titanium uye lithium mune imwe yemagetsi, ichitsiva kabhoni, nepo yechipiri electrode yakafanana inoshandiswa mune imwe yemamwe marudzi (akadai seNMC - lithium, manganese uye cobalt). Zvisinei nekushomeka kwesimba chairo (iro rinoturikira mukuderedzwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza), musanganiswa uyu une kuita kwakanaka kwesimba, kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka, uye yakawedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwesevhisi. Mabhatiri emhando iyi anogona kugamuchira anopfuura zviuru gumi zvekushandisa pa100% kudzika kwekubuda, nepo mamwe marudzi emabhatiri e-lithium anobvuma kutenderera zviuru zviviri. Mabhatiri eLiFePO4 anokunda mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi ane kugadzikana kwakanyanya kutenderera, kuwanda kwesimba uye huremu hushoma. Kana bhatiri richigara richibuda kubva pa50% DOD rozochajwa zvakazara, bhatiri reLiFePO4 rinogona kuita kusvika ku6,500 kuchaja macycles. Saka iyo yekuwedzera mari inobhadhara mukufamba kwenguva, uye mutengo / kuita reshiyo inoramba isingakundiki. Ndivo sarudzo yakasarudzwa yekuenderera mberi kushandiswa semabhatiri ezuva. Kuita:Kuchaja nekuburitsa bhatiri kune 98% yakazara kutenderera kushanda uku uchikurumidza kuchajwa uye zvakare kuburitswa munguva isingasviki 2 hrs- uye nekukurumidza kwehupenyu hwakaderera. Kuchengetedza kugona: lithium iron phosphate battery packs inogona kudarika 18 kWh, iyo inoshandisa nzvimbo shoma uye inorema zvishoma kudarika bhatiri ye-lead-acid yehutano hwakafanana. Mari yebhatiri: Lithium iron phosphate inowanzoita mari yakawanda kudarika mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi, asi kazhinji ine mutengo wakaderera wekutenderera semhedzisiro yehupenyu hurefu.
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