Chii chinonzi solar inverter?

Sezvo nyika inofambira mberi mukutsvaga mhinduro dzesimba dzakasimba uye dzakachena, simba rezuva rabuda seanotungamira mujaho wakananga kune remangwana rakasvibira. Kushandisa simba rakawanda uye rinogadziriswa rezuva, solar photovoltaic (PV) masisitimu akawana mukurumbira wakapararira, achigadzira nzira yeshanduko inoshamisa munzira yatinogadzira magetsi. Pamwoyo pese solar PV system pane chinhu chakakosha chinogonesa kushandurwa kwechiedza chezuva kuita simba rinoshandiswa: iyosolar inverter. Ichiita sebhiriji pakati pemapanera ezuva negetsi yemagetsi, solar inverters inoita basa rakakosha mukushandiswa kwakanaka kwesimba rezuva. Kunzwisisa misimboti yavo yekushanda uye kuongorora marudzi avo akasiyana ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakunzwisisa inonakidza mechanics kumashure kwekushandurwa kwesimba rezuva. How anoita ASolarInverterWork? Solar inverter chishandiso chemagetsi chinoshandura magetsi emagetsi ezuva (DC) anogadzirwa nemagetsi ezuva kuita alternating current (AC) magetsi anogona kushandiswa kusimbisa midziyo yemumba uye kupihwa mugetsi remagetsi. Nheyo yekushanda ye solar inverter inogona kukamurwa kuita matanho matatu makuru: kutendeuka, kutonga, uye kubuda. Shanduko: Iyo solar inverter inotanga kugamuchira magetsi eDC anogadzirwa nemagetsi ezuva. Aya magetsi eDC anowanzo ari muchimiro chemagetsi anochinja anosiyana nekusimba kwechiedza chezuva. Basa guru re inverter ndere kushandura iyi inoshanduka DC voltage kuita yakagadzikana AC voltage yakakodzera kushandiswa. Nzira yekushandura inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: seti yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi (kazhinji insulated-gedhi bipolar transistors kana IGBTs) uye high-frequency transformer. Iwo ma switch ane basa rekukurumidza kushandura iyo DC voltage pa uye kudzima, kugadzira yakakwirira-frequency pulse chiratidzo. Transformer inobva yakwidza voltage kusvika painodiwa AC voltage level. Kudzora: Iyo yekudzora nhanho ye solar inverter inova nechokwadi chekuti nzira yekushandura inoshanda nemazvo uye zvakachengeteka. Inosanganisira kushandiswa kweakaomesesa kudzora algorithms uye ma sensors ekutarisa uye kutonga akasiyana ma paramita. Mamwe akakosha ekudzora mabasa anosanganisira: a. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT): Solar panels ine optimal operating point inonzi maximum power point (MPP), kwainobudisa simba guru rekupa chiedza chezuva. Iyo MPPT algorithm inoramba ichigadzirisa nzvimbo yekushanda ye solar panels kuti iwedzere simba rekubuda nekutevera MPP. b. Voltage uye Frequency Regulation: Iyo inverter's control system inochengetedza yakagadzikana AC inobuda voltage uye frequency, kazhinji ichitevera zviyero zvegidhi yekushandisa. Izvi zvinogonesa kuenderana nemamwe maturusi emagetsi uye inobvumira kusanganisa kusinga sanganike negridi. c. Grid Synchronization: Giridhi-yakabatana solar inverters inowiriranisa chikamu uye frequency yeiyo AC inobuda negidhi yekushandisa. Uku kuwiriranisa kunogonesa iyo inverter kudyisa simba rakawandisa kudzoka mugedhi kana kudhirowa simba kubva kune grid kana kugadzirwa kwezuva kusingakwane. Zvakabuda: Muchikamu chekupedzisira, iyo solar inverter inoendesa yakashandurwa AC magetsi kune emagetsi mitoro kana grid. Iyo inobuda inogona kushandiswa nenzira mbiri: a. On-Grid kana Grid-Yakasungwa Systems: Mune grid-yakasungwa masisitimu, solar inverter inodyisa magetsi eAC akananga mugidhi rekushandisa. Izvi zvinodzikisira kutsamira pafossil-based power plant uye inobvumira mambure metering, uko magetsi akawandisa anogadzirwa mukati mezuva anogona kuverengerwa uye kushandiswa panguva yakaderera yezuva. b. Off-Grid Systems: Mune off-grid masisitimu, solar inverter inochaja bhatiri bhangi pamwe nekupa simba kumagetsi. Mabhatiri anochengeta yakawandisa solar simba, iro rinogona kushandiswa panguva yekudzikira kwezuva kugadzirwa kana husiku kana solar panel isiri kugadzira magetsi. Hunhu hweSolar Inverters: Kubudirira: Solar inverters akagadzirirwa kushanda nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro kuti uwedzere goho resimba resolar PV system. Kubudirira kwepamusoro kunoguma nekurasikirwa kwesimba shoma panguva yekushandura, kuve nechokwadi chokuti chikamu chikuru chesimba rezuva rinoshandiswa zvinobudirira. Simba rinobuda: Solar inverters anowanikwa mune akasiyana magetsi ratings, kubva kune madiki masisitimu ekugara kusvika kune akakura-akawanda ekutengesa ekutengesa. Simba rekubuda kweinverter rinofanirwa kuenderana nekukwanisa kwesolar panels kuti riwane kuita kwakaringana. Durability uye Kuvimbika: Solar inverters inoratidzirwa kune akasiyana siyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, anosanganisira kushanduka kwetembiricha, humidity, uye anogona kusimuka magetsi. Nokudaro, ma inverters anofanirwa kuvakwa nezvinhu zvakasimba uye zvakagadzirirwa kutsungirira mamiriro ezvinhu aya, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwenguva refu. Kuongorora uye Kukurukurirana: Mazhinji emazuva ano solar inverters anouya akashongedzerwa masisitimu ekutarisa anobvumira vashandisi kuti vatarise mashandiro esolar PV system yavo. Mamwe ma inverters anogonawo kutaurirana nemidziyo yekunze uye mapuratifomu esoftware, achipa chaiyo-nguva data uye achigonesa kure kutarisa uye kutonga. Safety Features: Solar inverters inosanganisa akasiyana maficha ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza ese ari maviri sisitimu uye vanhu vanoshanda nayo. Aya maficha anosanganisira overvoltage kudzivirira, overcurrent kuchengetedzwa, kutadza kuona pasi, uye anti-islanding kuchengetedzwa, izvo zvinodzivirira inverter kubva pakudyisa simba mugedhi panguva yekudzima kwemagetsi. Solar Inverter Classification neSimba Rating PV inverters, inozivikanwawo se solar inverters, inogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nedhizaini yavo, mashandiro, uye mashandisiro. Kunzwisisa zvikamu izvi zvinogona kubatsira mukusarudza yakanyatsokodzera inverter kune chaiyo solar PV system. Aya anotevera ndiwo marudzi makuru ePV inverters akaiswa padanho resimba: Inverter zvinoenderana nechiyero chesimba: inonyanya kukamurwa kuita yakagoverwa inverter (tambo inverter & micro inverter), centralized inverter. String Inverters: String inverters ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mhando yePV inverters munzvimbo dzekugara uye dzekutengesa solar installs, dzakagadzirirwa kubata akawanda solar panels akabatana munhevedzano, achigadzira "tambo." Iyo PV tambo (1-5kw) yave inonyanya kufarirwa inverter pamusika wepasirese mazuvano kuburikidza neinverter ine yakanyanya simba peak yekutevera kudivi reDC uye parallel grid yekubatanidza kudivi reAC. Iyo DC magetsi inogadzirwa ne solar panel inopihwa mutambo inverter, iyo inoishandura kuita AC magetsi kuti ishandiswe nekukurumidza kana kutumira kune grid. String inverters vanozivikanwa nekureruka kwavo, mutengo-kushanda, uye nyore kuisa. Nekudaro, kuita kwetambo yese kunotsamira pane yakaderera-inoita pani, iyo inogona kukanganisa iyo yese system kunyatsoshanda. Micro inverters: Micro inverters madiki inverters akaiswa pane yega yega solar panel muPV system. Kusiyana netambo inverters, madiki inverters anoshandura iyo DC magetsi kuita AC padanho repaneru. Iyi dhizaini inobvumira imwe neimwe pani kuti ishande yakazvimirira, optimize iyo system yese simba rekubuda. Micro inverters inopa mabhenefiti akati wandei, anosanganisira mapaneru-level yepamusoro yemagetsi point tracking (MPPT), yakagadziridzwa sisitimu mashandiro mumapaneru ane shaded kana asina kufananidzwa, yakawedzera chengetedzo nekuda kwekudzika kweDC voltages, uye kutarisisa kwakadzama kwekuita kwepanera yega yega. Nekudaro, iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro mutengo uye inogona kuomarara yekuisa zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo. Centralized Inverters: Centralized inverters, inozivikanwawo seyakakura kana utility-scale (> 10kW) inverters, inowanzoshandiswa mukumisikidza kwakakura solar PV, senge mapurazi ezuva kana mapurojekiti ezuva. Aya ma inverters akagadzirirwa kubata yakakwirira DC magetsi ekuisa kubva kune akawanda tambo kana arrays ema solar panel uye oashandura kuita AC simba rekubatanidza grid. Chinhu chikuru isimba rakakwirira uye mutengo wakaderera weiyo system, asi sezvo iyo yakabuda voltage uye ikozvino yeakasiyana PV tambo kazhinji haina kunyatso kuenderana (kunyanya kana PV tambo dzine mumvuri zvishoma nekuda kwemakore, mumvuri, mavara, nezvimwe.) , kushandiswa kwepakati inverter kunotungamira kuderera kwekuita kweiyo inverting process uye kuderera kwemagetsi eimba simba. Centralized inverters inowanzova nepamusoro pesimba simba kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando, kubva kune akati wandei kilowatts kusvika kune akati wandei megawatts. Iwo akaisirwa munzvimbo yepakati kana inverter chiteshi, uye akawanda tambo kana arrays e solar panels akabatanidzwa kwavari mukufanana. Chii chinoitwa neSolar Inverter? Photovoltaic inverters inoshanda akawanda mabasa, anosanganisira AC kutendeuka, optimize solar cell performance, uye kuchengetedza system. Aya mabasa anosanganisira otomatiki kushanda uye kuvharika, yakanyanya simba yekutevera kutonga, anti-islanding (yegridi-yakabatana masisitimu), otomatiki magetsi ekugadzirisa (yegridi-akabatana masisitimu), kuona DC (yegridi-yakabatana masisitimu), uye DC yekuona pasi ( yegridi-yakabatana masisitimu). Ngationgororei muchidimbu otomatiki kushanda uye kudzima basa uye yakanyanya simba yekutevera yekudzora basa. 1) Kushanda otomatiki uye kudzima basa Mushure mekubuda kwezuva mangwanani, kusimba kwemagetsi ezuva kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kubuda kwemasero ezuva kunowedzera maererano. Kana simba rekubuda rinodiwa neinverter rasvika, iyo inverter inotanga kumhanya yega. Mushure mekupinda mukushanda, inverter ichacherechedza kubuda kwezvikamu zvemasero ezuva nguva dzose, chero bedzi simba rinobuda rezvikamu zvemasero ezuva rakakura kudarika simba rinobuda rinodiwa ne inverter, inverter icharamba ichishanda; kusvika kuvira kwezuva kwamira, kunyangwe kuchinaya Inverter inoshandawo. Kana iyo yakabuda ye solar cell module ikaita diki uye kubuda kweiyo inverter kuri pedyo ne0, iyo inverter inoumba inomira. 2) Maximum simba rekutevera kutonga basa Kubuda kweiyo solar cell module inosiyana nekusimba kwemwaranzi yezuva uye tembiricha yesolar cell module pachayo (chip tembiricha). Mukuwedzera, nokuti solar cell module ine hunhu hwekuti mhepo inoderera nekuwedzera kwezvino, saka pane imwe nzvimbo yekushanda yakakwana inogona kuwana simba guru. Kusimba kwemwaranzi yezuva kuri kuchinja, zviri pachena kuti yakanakisa nzvimbo yekushanda iri kuchinja zvakare. Zvichienderana neshanduko idzi, nzvimbo yekushanda yesolar cell module inogara iri padanho repamusoro pesimba, uye sisitimu inogara ichiwana iyo yakanyanya simba kubuda kubva kune solar cell module. Rudzi urwu rwekutonga ndiyo yakanyanya simba yekutevera kutonga. Chinhu chikuru cheiyo inverter inoshandiswa mumagetsi ezuva rekugadzira magetsi ibasa repamusoro pesimba rekutsvaga simba (MPPT). Iyo Main Technical Indicators ye Photovoltaic Inverter 1. Kugadzikana kwekubuda kwemagetsi Mune photovoltaic system, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nesero rezuva rinotanga kuchengetwa nebheteri, uye rinoshandurwa kuva 220V kana 380V inoshandura ikozvino kuburikidza ne inverter. Nekudaro, iyo bhatiri inobatwa nechaji yayo uye yekuburitsa, uye yayo inobuda voltage inosiyana mune yakakura siyana. Semuenzaniso, bhatiri rezita re12V rine kukosha kwevoltage inogona kusiyanisa pakati pe10.8 ne14.4V (kupfuura renji iyi inogona kukuvadza bhatiri). Kune inverter inokwanisa, kana iyo yekuisa terminal voltage ichichinja mukati meiyi chiyero, kusiyanisa kwayo kwakatsiga-mamiriro ekubuda voltage hakufanirwe kudarika Plusmn; 5% yemutengo wakatarwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana mutoro uchinge wachinja kamwe kamwe, kutsauka kwayo kwemagetsi hakufanirwe kudarika ± 10% pamusoro pekukosha kwakayerwa. 2. Waveform kukanganisa kwekubuda kwemagetsi Kune sine wave inverters, iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa waveform kukanganisa (kana harmonic yemukati) inofanirwa kutsanangurwa. Inowanzo kuratidzwa nehuwandu hwemawaveform kukanganisa kwemhepo inobuda, uye kukosha kwayo hakufaniri kudarika 5% (10% inobvumirwa kune imwe-phase kubuda). Sezvo iyo yakakwira-yakarongeka harmonic yazvino kubuda neiyo inverter ichaunza kurasikirwa kwakawedzera senge eddy mafungu pamutoro unopinza, kana waveform kukanganisa kweiyo inverter yakakura kwazvo, zvinokonzeresa kupisa kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvinoremerwa, izvo zvisingaite kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi uye inokanganisa zvakanyanya hurongwa. kushanda zvakanaka. 3. Rated output frequency Kune mitoro inosanganisira mota, senge muchina wekuwachisa, mafiriji, nezvimwewo, sezvo iyo yakakwana frequency inoshanda nzvimbo yemamotor iri 50Hz, yakakwira zvakanyanya kana yakaderera mafrequency inokonzeresa kuti mudziyo upise, kuderedza kushanda kwesystem uye hupenyu hwesevhisi, saka iyo inverter's Iyo inobuda frequency inofanirwa kuve yakagadzikana kukosha, kazhinji simba frequency 50Hz, uye kutsauka kwayo kunofanirwa kunge kuri mukati mePlusmn; l% pasi pekushanda kwakajairwa. mamiriro. 4. Mutoro simba chinhu Kuratidza kugona kweiyo inverter ine inductive mutoro kana capacitive mutoro. Iyo simba remutoro chinhu che sine wave inverter ndeye 0.7 ~ 0.9, uye iyo yakayerwa kukosha ndeye 0.9. Muchiitiko cheimwe simba rekutakura, kana simba re inverter rakaderera, kukwanisa kweiyo inverter inoda kuwedzera. Kune rumwe rutivi, mari yacho ichawedzera, uye panguva imwechete, simba rinoratidzika re AC circuit ye ​​photovoltaic system ichawedzera. Sezvo ikozvino inowedzera, kurasikirwa kuchawedzera, uye kushanda kwehurongwa kuchadererawo. 5. Inverter kunyatsoshanda Kushanda kweiyo inverter kunoreva chiyero chesimba rayo rinobuda kune simba rekuisa pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akatsanangurwa, anotaridzwa sechikamu. Muzhinji, iyo yezita rekuita ye photovoltaic inverter inoreva kuremerwa kwakachena. Pasi pemamiriro e80% mutoro s kunyatsoshanda. Sezvo mari yakawanda ye photovoltaic system yakakwirira, kushanda kwe photovoltaic inverter kunofanira kuwedzerwa kuderedza mari yehurongwa uye kuvandudza kushandiswa kwemari ye photovoltaic system. Parizvino, hunyanzvi hwezita hwemainverters ari pakati pe80% ne95%, uye kushanda kwepasi-simba inverters kunodiwa kuti ive isingasviki 85%. Muchigadziro chaicho chekugadzirwa kwe photovoltaic system, kwete chete inverter yepamusoro-soro inofanira kusarudzwa, asiwo kugadzirisa kunonzwisisika kwegadziriro inofanira kushandiswa kuita kuti mutoro we photovoltaic system ushande pedyo nepamusoro pekushanda kwepamusoro zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. . 6. Yakatemerwa yakabuda ikozvino (kana yakatemerwa kubuda simba) Inoratidza iyo yakatemerwa kubuda ikozvino kweiyo inverter mukati meyakatarwa mutoro simba factor range. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zve inverter zvinopa iyo yakatemerwa kubuda simba, uye iyo unit inoratidzwa muVA kana kVA. Iyo yakayerwa kugona kweiyo inverter chigadzirwa cheyakayerwa yakabuda voltage uye yakatemerwa inobuda ikozvino kana iyo inobuda simba chinhu chiri 1 (kureva kuti, inongo pikisa). 7. Matanho ekudzivirira Iyo inverter ine mashandiro akanaka anofanirwawo kunge aine mabasa ekudzivirira akazara kana matanho ekutarisana neakasiyana mamiriro asina kujairika anoitika panguva yekushandiswa chaiko, kuitira kuchengetedza iyo inverter pachayo uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehurongwa kubva mukukuvadzwa. 1) Pinda iyo undervoltage inishuwarenzi account: Kana iyo yekuisa terminal voltage yakadzikira kupfuura 85% yeyakayerwa voltage, iyo inverter inofanirwa kuve nekudzivirira uye kuratidza. 2) Input overvoltage mudziviriri: Kana iyo yekuisa terminal voltage yakakwira kupfuura 130% yeyakayerwa voltage, iyo inverter inofanirwa kuve nekudzivirira uye kuratidza. 3) Overcurrent kudzivirira: Kudzivirirwa kwepamusoro-soro kwe inverter kunofanira kukwanisa kuita nguva yakakodzera apo mutoro wacho uri pfupi-inotenderera kana kuti ikozvino inodarika kukosha kunobvumirwa, kuitira kuti irege kukuvadzwa nekuputika ikozvino. Kana iyo yekushanda ikozvino inodarika 150% yemutengo wakayerwa, iyo inverter inofanirwa kukwanisa kuzvidzivirira. 4) kubuda kwekudzivirira kwedunhu pfupi Iyo yenguva pfupi-yekudzivirira yekudzivirira chiitiko cheiyo inverter haifanirwe kudarika 0.5s. 5) Input reverse polarity dziviriro: Kana matanda akanaka uye asina kunaka eiyo terminal yekuisa akadzoserwa kumashure, iyo inverter inofanirwa kuve nekudzivirira basa uye kuratidza. 6) Kudzivirira mheni: Iyo inverter inofanirwa kuve nekudzivirira mheni. 7) Kudzivirira kwepamusoro-tembiricha, nezvimwe. Uye zvakare, kune inverters isina voltage kudzikamisa matanho, iyo inverter inofanirwawo kuve neyakabuda overvoltage ekudzivirira matanho ekudzivirira mutoro kubva mukukuvadzwa kwepamusoro. 8. Maitiro ekutanga Kuratidzira kugona kweiyo inverter kutanga nemutoro uye kuita panguva yekushanda kwesimba. Iyo inverter inofanirwa kuve yakavimbika kutanga pasi peyakayerwa mutoro. 9. Noise Zvikamu zvakaita sema transformer, mafirita inductors, electromagnetic switch uye mafeni mumagetsi emagetsi midziyo inoburitsa ruzha. Kana iyo inverter ichimhanya zvakajairika, ruzha rwayo harufanire kudarika 80dB, uye ruzha rweinverter diki harufanire kudarika 65dB. Sarudzo Unyanzvi hweSolar Inverters