I-Tesla Powerwall iye yatshintsha indlela abantu abathetha ngayo ngeebhetri zelanga kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla asekhaya ekubeni yingxoxo malunga nekamva kwincoko malunga noku. Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokongeza ukugcinwa kwebhetri, njengeTesla Powerwall, kwinkqubo yephaneli yelanga yekhaya lakho. Ingqikelelo yokugcina ibhetri yasekhaya ayintsha. I-off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) kunye nokuveliswa kombane womoya kwiindawo ezikude kudala zisebenzisa ugcino lwebhetri ukubamba umbane ongasetyenziswanga ukuze usetyenziswe kamva. Kuyenzeka kakhulu ukuba kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweli-10 ezayo, uninzi lwamakhaya aneepaneli zelanga nawo aya kuba nenkqubo yebhetri. Ibhetri ibamba nawaphi na amandla elanga angasetyenziswanga awenziwa emini, ukuze asetyenziswe kamva ebusuku nangeentsuku eziphantsi kwelanga. Ufakelo olubandakanya iibhetri luya luthandwa kakhulu. Kukho umtsalane wokwenene wokuzimela ngokusemandleni kwigridi; kubantu abaninzi, ayisosigqibo sezoqoqosho kuphela, kodwa kunye nendalo engqongileyo, kwaye kwabanye, yimbonakaliso yomnqweno wabo wokuzimela kwiinkampani zamandla. 
Ixabisa malini iTesla Powerwall ngo-2019? Kubekho ukunyuka kwexabiso ngo-Oktobha 2018 njengokuba i-Powerwall ngokwayo ngoku ixabisa i-$ 6,700 kunye ne-hardware exhasayo ixabisa i-$ 1,100, ezisa iindleko zenkqubo epheleleyo kwi-$ 7,800 kunye nokufakwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ifakiwe iya kuba malunga ne-10,000 yeedola, xa kujongwe isikhokelo sexabiso lofakelo esikhutshwe yinkampani ephakathi kwe-$2,000–3,000 yeedola. Ngaba isisombululo seTesla sokugcina amandla sifanelekile kwikhredithi yerhafu yotyalo-mali yomanyano? Ewe, iPowerwall ifanelekile kwi-30% yetyala lerhafu yelanga apho (Ityala leRhafu yoTyalo-mali lweSolar (ITC) Icacisiwe)ifakwe kunye neepaneli zelanga ukugcina amandla elanga. Zeziphi izinto ezi-5 ezenza isisombululo seTesla Powerwall sigqame njengesona sisombululo sikhoyo sokugcina ibhetri yelanga kwindawo yokugcina amandla? ● Iindleko malunga ne-$10,000 efakelwe i-13.5 kWh yendawo yokugcina enokusetyenziswa. Eli lixabiso elilungileyo xa kuthelekiswa neendleko eziphezulu zokugcina amandla elanga. Akunjalo imbuyekezo emangalisayo, kodwa ingcono kuneentanga zayo; ●I-inverter eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yebhetri kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri ngoku ibandakanyiwe kwiindleko. Ngezinye iibhetri ezininzi zelanga i-inverter yebhetri kufuneka ithengwe ngokwahlukileyo; ●Umgangatho Webhetri. I-Tesla ihlangene nePanasonic yeteknoloji yebhetri yeLithium-Ion ithetha ukuba iiseli zebhetri nganye kufuneka zibe phezulu kakhulu kumgangatho; ●Ubukrelekrele obulawulwa yisoftware yokwakha kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa ibhetri. Nangona ndingeyona ingcali kule nto, kubonakala kum ukuba uTesla ukhokela ipakethi ngokwemigaqo yokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza okuhlakaniphile; kwaye ●Ulawulo olusekelwe kwixesha likuvumela ukuba unciphise iindleko zombane ovela kwigridi ngosuku xa ujongene nokuhlawula umbane wexesha lokusebenzisa (TOU). Nangona abanye baye bathetha ngokukwazi ukwenza oku akukho mntu wumbi undibonise i-app etyibilikayo kwifowuni yam ukuseta amaxesha aphakamileyo kunye namaxesha angasebenziyo kunye namaxabiso kunye nokuba nomsebenzi webhetri ukunciphisa iindleko zam njengoko iPowerwall inokwenza. Ukugcinwa kwebhetri yasekhaya sisihloko esishushu kubathengi abaqaphela amandla. Ukuba uneepaneli zelanga kuphahla lwakho, kukho inzuzo ebonakalayo yokugcina nawuphi na umbane ongasetyenziswanga ebhetrini oza kuwusebenzisa ebusuku okanye ngeentsuku zokukhanya kwelanga. Kodwa zisebenza njani ezi bhetri kwaye yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ngaphambi kokuba uyifake? Igridi-iqhagamshelwe vs ngaphandle kwegridi Zine iindlela ezingundoqo ezinokusetwa ngazo ikhaya lakho ukuze ubonelele ngombane. Igridi-iqhagamshelwe (akukho solar) Esona siseko sisisiseko, apho wonke umbane wakho uvela kwigridi engundoqo. Ikhaya alinazo iipaneli zelanga okanye iibhetri. Ilanga eliqhagamshelwe kwigridi (akukho bhetri) Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokumisela amakhaya aneepaneli zelanga. Iiphaneli zelanga zibonelela ngombane emini, kwaye ikhaya ngokubanzi lisebenzisa lo mbane kuqala, libhenela kumbane wegridi kuwo nawuphi na umbane owongezelelweyo ofunekayo kwiintsuku ezisezantsi zokukhanya kwelanga, ebusuku, nangamaxesha okusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Uqhagamshelwe kwigridi yelanga + ibhetri (iinkqubo ezibizwa ngokuba “zii-hybrid”) Ezi zineepaneli zelanga, ibhetri, i-hybrid inverter (okanye mhlawumbi ii-inverters ezininzi), kunye nokudibanisa kwigridi yombane oyintloko. Iiphaneli zelanga zinika amandla emini, kwaye ikhaya ngokubanzi lisebenzisa amandla elanga kuqala, lisebenzisa nakuphi na okungaphezulu ukutshaja ibhetri. Ngamaxesha okusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, okanye ebusuku kunye neentsuku ezisezantsi zokukhanya kwelanga, ikhaya litsala amandla kwibhetri, kwaye njengento yokugqibela kwigridi. Iinkcukacha zebhetri Ezi zezona nkcukacha zingundoqo zobugcisa zebhetri yasekhaya. Umthamo Mangakanani amandla anokugcinwa yibhetri, adla ngokulinganiswa ngeekilowatt-yure (kWh). Umthamo wegama lixabiso lilonke lamandla ebhetri anokuwabamba; Umthamo osebenzisekayo kukuba ungakanani na onokuthi usetyenziswe, emva kokuba ubunzulu bokukhutshwa bufakwe kwi-factored. Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa (DoD) Ichazwa njengepesenti, lo ngumthamo wamandla onokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokukhawulezisa ukuthotywa kwebhetri. Uninzi lweentlobo zebhetri kufuneka zibambe intlawulo ethile ngamaxesha onke ukunqanda umonakalo. Iibhetri zeLithium zinokukhutshwa ngokukhuselekileyo ukuya kuma-80–90% omthamo wazo oqhelekileyo. Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi zinokukhutshwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50-60%, ngelixa iibhetri eziphumayo zinokukhutshwa nge-100%. Amandla Mangakanani amandla (ngeekilowatts) anokuhanjiswa yibhetri. Amandla aphezulu/aphezulu ngawona mandla anokuhanjiswa yibhetri nangawuphi na umzuzu, kodwa oku kugqabhuka kwamandla kunokugcinwa kuphela ixesha elifutshane. Amandla aqhubekayo sisixa samandla anikezelweyo ngelixa ibhetri inentlawulo eyaneleyo. Ukusebenza kakuhle Nge-kWh nganye yentlawulo efakiweyo, ingakanani ibhetri eya kuyigcina kwaye iphinde icinywe kwakhona. Kuhlala kukho ilahleko, kodwa ibhetri ye-lithium kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwe-90% esebenzayo. Lilonke inani lemijikelezo yentlawulo / yokukhupha Ikwabizwa ngokuba bubomi bomjikelo, le yindlela emingaphi imijikelo yentlawulo kunye nokukhupha ibhetri enokuyenza ngaphambi kokuba ithathelwe ingqalelo ukufikelela esiphelweni sobomi bayo. Abavelisi abohlukeneyo banokukala oku ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iibhetri zeLithium zinokubaleka amawaka aliqela emijikelo. Ubomi (iminyaka okanye imijikelo) Ubomi obulindelekileyo bebhetri (kunye newaranti yayo) inokulinganiswa ngokwemijikelo (jonga ngasentla) okanye iminyaka (oluqikelelo ngokubanzi olusekelwe kusetyenziso olulindelekileyo lwebhetri). Ubude bobomi kufuneka buchaze inqanaba elilindelekileyo lomthamo ekupheleni kobomi; kwiibhetri ze-lithium, oku kuya kuba malunga ne-60-80% yomthamo wokuqala. Uluhlu lobushushu be-Ambient Iibhetri zinovakalelo kubushushu kwaye kufuneka zisebenze phakathi koluhlu oluthile. Banokuthomalalisa okanye bavale kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu okanye ezibandayo. Iintlobo zebhetri I-Lithium-ion Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwebhetri lufakwe ezindlini namhlanje, ezi bhetri zisebenzisa itekhnoloji efanayo koogxa babo abancinci kwii-smartphones kunye neekhompyuter zelaptop. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-lithium-ion chemistry. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswa kwiibhetri zasekhaya yi-lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC), esetyenziswa nguTesla kunye ne-LG Chem. Enye i-chemistry eqhelekileyo yi-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO, okanye i-LFP) ekuthiwa ikhuselekile kune-NMC ngenxa yomngcipheko ophantsi wokubaleka kwe-thermal (umonakalo webhetri kunye nomlilo onokuthi ubangelwa ukushisa okanye ukutshaja ngokugqithiseleyo) kodwa inamandla angaphantsi kwamandla. I-LFP isetyenziswa kwiibhetri zasekhaya ezenziwe yi-BYD kunye ne-BSLBATT, phakathi kwabanye. IiPros ●Banokunika amawaka aliqela imijikelo yokukhupha intlawulo. ●Banokukhutshwa kakhulu (ukuya kwi-80-90% yomthamo wabo wonke). ●Zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu akwi-ambient. ●Kufuneka bahlale iminyaka eyi-10 + kusetyenziso oluqhelekileyo. Ububi ●Ukuphela kobomi kunokuba yingxaki kwiibhetri ezinkulu ze-lithium. ●Kufuneka zihlaziywe ngokutsha ukuze kubuyiselwe iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwaye kuthintelwe ukulahlwa komhlaba okunetyhefu, kodwa iinkqubo ezinkulu zisekwisiqalo. Njengoko iibhetri ze-lithium zasekhaya kunye neemoto ziqhelekile, kulindeleke ukuba iinkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ziya kuphucuka. ●I-lead-asidi, i-asidi ehamba phambili (i-lead carbon) ●Itekhnoloji yebhetri eneasidi endala enceda ukuqalisa imoto yakho ikwasetyenziselwa ugcino olukhulu. Luhlobo lwebhetri oluqondwa kakuhle nolusebenzayo. I-Ecoult lelinye ibhrendi elenza iibhetri ze-lead-asidi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kophuhliso olubalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okanye ekunciphiseni ixabiso, kunzima ukubona i-lead-acid ekhuphisana ixesha elide kunye ne-lithium-ion okanye ezinye iiteknoloji. IiPros Amaxabiso aphantsi ngokwentelekiso, aneenkqubo zokulahlwa ezisele zimisiwe kunye nokurisayikilisha. Ububi ●Zininzi. ●Banochuku kubushushu obuphezulu be-ambient, obunokwenza bufutshane ubomi babo. ●Banomjikelo ocothayo wentlawulo. Ezinye iintlobo Ibhetri kunye neteknoloji yokugcina ikwimeko yophuhliso olukhawulezayo. Obunye ubuchwephesha obukhoyo ngoku bubandakanya ibhetri ye-Aquon ion ion (amanzi anetyuwa), iibhetri ezinyibilikisiweyo zetyuwa, kunye ne-Arvio Sirius supercapacitor esanda kubhengezwa. Siza kugcina iliso kwimarike kwaye sinikeze ingxelo malunga nemeko yemalike yebhetri yasekhaya kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Konke ngexabiso elinye eliphantsi Iinqanawa zeBetri yasekhaya ye-BSLBATT ekuqaleni kuka-2019, nangona inkampani ingekaqinisekisi ukuba lixesha leenguqulelo ezintlanu. I-inverter edibeneyo yenza i-AC Powerwall ibe yinyathelo eliphambili ukusuka kwisizukulwana sokuqala, ngoko kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukukhupha kune-DC version. Inkqubo ye-DC iza ne-converter eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ye-DC / DC, ejongene nemiba yombane echazwe ngasentla. Ukubekela bucala ubunzima bezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina, i-Powerwall ye-14-kilowatt-yure iqala kwi-3,600 yeedola ikhokelela ngokucacileyo kwintsimi kwixabiso elidweliswe. Xa abathengi beyicela, yiloo nto bayifunayo, hayi iinketho zohlobo lwangoku olubambayo. Ngaba kufuneka ndifumane ibhetri yasekhaya? Kumakhaya amaninzi, sicinga ukuba ibhetri ayenzi ngqiqo yezoqoqosho okwangoku. Iibhetri zisabiza kakhulu kwaye ixesha lokubuyisela liya kuhlala lide kunexesha lewaranti yebhetri. Okwangoku, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion kunye ne-inverter ye-hybrid iya kubiza ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-$ 8000 kunye ne-$ 15,000 (efakwe), kuxhomekeke kumthamo kunye nophawu. Kodwa amaxabiso ayehla kwaye kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu inokuba sisigqibo esifanelekileyo ukubandakanya ibhetri yokugcina nayo nayiphi na inkqubo yePV yelanga. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi batyala imali yokugcina ibhetri yasekhaya ngoku, okanye ubuncinci baqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zabo zePV zelanga zilungele ibhetri. Sicebisa ukuba usebenze ngezicaphulo ezibini okanye ezithathu kubafakeli abathembekileyo phambi kokuba uzibophelele kufakelo lwebhetri. Iziphumo zovavanyo lweminyaka emithathu olukhankanywe ngasentla zibonisa ukuba kufuneka uqiniseke ngewaranti eyomeleleyo, kunye nokuzibophelela kwenkxaso evela kumthengisi wakho kunye nomenzi webhetri xa kukho naziphi na iimpazamo. Izikimu zesaphulelo sikarhulumente, kunye neenkqubo zokurhweba ngamandla ezifana neReposit, ngokuqinisekileyo zinokwenza ukuba iibhetri zisebenze kwezoqoqosho kwamanye amakhaya. Ngaphaya kwesiqhelo seSatifikethi sobuChwepheshe abancinci (STC) senkuthazo yezemali yeebhetri, ngoku kukho isaphulelo okanye iimali-mboleko ezikhethekileyo eVictoria, eMzantsi Ostreliya, eQueensland, nase-ACT. Okuninzi kunokulandela ngoko kufanelekile ukujonga okukhoyo kwindawo yakho. Xa usenza iimali ukugqiba ukuba ingaba ibhetri iyavakala na ekhayeni lakho, khumbula ukuqwalasela umrhumo we-feed-in (FiT). Le yimali oyibhatalwa ngawo nawaphi na amandla agqithisileyo aveliswa ziipaneli zakho zelanga kwaye wondliwe kwigridi. Ngayo yonke i-kWh ejikisiweyo endaweni yokutshaja ibhetri yakho, uya kuluncama umrhumo we-feed-in. Ngelixa iFiT isezantsi kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zaseOstreliya, iselithuba leendleko ekufuneka uziqwalasele. Kwiindawo ezine-FiT enesisa ezinje ngeNorthern Territory, kunokuba nenzuzo enkulu ukuba ungafaki ibhetri kwaye uqokelele nje i-FiT yokuvelisa amandla akho angaphezulu. Isigama Watt (W) kunye nekilowatt (kW) Iyunithi esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isantya sokudluliselwa kwamandla. Ikilowathi enye = 1000 watts. Ngeepaneli zelanga, ukulinganisa kwii-watts kuchaza amandla aphezulu ephaneli anokuhambisa kuyo nayiphi na indawo ngexesha. Ngeebhetri, umlinganiselo wamandla uxela ukuba angakanani amandla anokuhanjiswa yibhetri. Iiyure zeWatt (Wh) kunye nekilowatt-yure (kWh) Umlinganiselo wemveliso yamandla okanye ukusetyenziswa kwexesha. Ikilowatt-yure (kWh) yiyunithi oya kuyibona kwityala lakho lombane kuba uhlawuliswa ukusetyenziswa kombane wakho ekuhambeni kwexesha. Iphaneli yelanga evelisa ama-300W ngeyure enye inokuzisa ama-300Wh (okanye i-0.3kWh) yamandla. Kwiibhetri, umthamo kwi-kWh bubungakanani bamandla ebhetri enokuwagcina. BESS (inkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri) Oku kuchaza iphakheji epheleleyo yebhetri, i-electronics edibeneyo, kunye nesofthiwe yokulawula intlawulo, ukukhutshwa, inqanaba le-DoD kunye nokunye.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-08-2024