yintoni i-inverter yelanga?

Njengoko ihlabathi liqhubela phambili ekufuneni izisombululo zamandla azinzileyo kunye acocekileyo, amandla elanga avele njengomanduleli kugqatso olusingise kwikamva eliluhlaza. Ukudibanisa amandla amaninzi kunye nokuhlaziywa kwelanga, iinkqubo ze-solar photovoltaic (PV) ziye zafumana ukuthandwa ngokubanzi, zivula indlela yokuguqulwa okuphawulekayo kwindlela esenza ngayo umbane. Embindini wayo yonke inkqubo yePV yelanga kukho icandelo elibalulekileyo elenza ukuba ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngamandla asebenzisekayo:inverter yelanga. Ukusebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kweepaneli zelanga kunye negridi yombane, ii-solar inverters zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni ngokufanelekileyo amandla elanga. Ukuqonda umgaqo wabo wokusebenza kunye nokuphonononga iintlobo zabo ezahlukeneyo ngundoqo ekuqondeni ubuchwephesha obunomdla emva kokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga. How ASolarInverterWok? Isiguquli selanga sisixhobo sombane esiguqula umbane othe ngqo (i-DC) oveliswa ziipaneli zelanga ube ngumbane otshintshanayo wangoku (AC) onokusetyenziselwa umbane kwizixhobo zasekhaya kwaye ufakwe kwigridi yombane. Umgaqo wokusebenza we-inverter yelanga unokwahlulwa ube ngamanqanaba amathathu aphambili: ukuguqulwa, ukulawula, kunye nesiphumo. Uguqulo: I-inverter yelanga kuqala ifumana umbane we-DC oveliswa ngamaphaneli elanga. Lo mbane we-DC ngokwesiqhelo ukwimo yombane oguquguqukayo oguquguqukayo ngokobunzulu bokukhanya kwelanga. Umsebenzi ophambili we-inverter kukuguqula lo mbane we-DC oguquguqukayo ube ngumbane ozinzileyo we-AC olungele ukusetyenziswa. Inkqubo yokuguqulwa ibandakanya amacandelo amabini abalulekileyo: isethi yamandla okutshintsha kwe-elektroniki (ngokuqhelekileyo i-insulated-gate bipolar transistors okanye i-IGBTs) kunye ne-high-frequency transformer. Iiswitshi zinoxanduva lokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza i-voltage ye-DC kunye nokucima, ukudala i-high-frequency pulse signal. Isiguquli emva koko sinyusa amandla ombane ukuya kwinqanaba lombane le-AC elifunekayo. Ulawulo: Inqanaba lokulawula i-inverter yelanga liqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokuguqulwa isebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo. Kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwee-algorithms zolawulo oluphucukileyo kunye neenzwa zokuhlola kunye nokulawula iiparamitha ezahlukeneyo. Eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yolawulo ibandakanya: a. Ubukhulu boMbane waMandla oMbane (MPPT): Iiphaneli zelanga zineyona ndawo iphezulu yokusebenza ebizwa ngokuba yi-maximum power point (MPP), apho zivelisa awona mandla aphezulu kukukhanya kwelanga okunikiweyo. I-algorithm ye-MPPT ngokuqhubekayo ilungelelanisa indawo yokusebenza yeepaneli zelanga ukuze kwandiswe amandla ombane ngokulandela i-MPP. b. I-Voltage kunye ne-Frequency Regulation: Inkqubo yokulawula i-inverter igcina i-voltage ye-AC ezinzileyo kunye ne-frequency, ngokuqhelekileyo ilandela imigangatho yegridi esebenzayo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nezinye izixhobo zombane kwaye ivumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kunye negridi. c. Ulungelelwaniso lweGridi: Ii-inverters zelanga eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi zilungelelanisa isigaba kunye nokuphindaphinda kwemveliso ye-AC kunye negridi yoncedo. Olu ngqamaniso lwenza ukuba i-inverter ikwazi ukondla amandla angaphezulu kwakhona kwigridi okanye ukutsala amandla kwigridi xa imveliso yelanga ingonelanga. Isiphumo: Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, i-inverter yelanga ihambisa umbane we-AC oguqulwayo kwimithwalo yombane okanye igridi. Imveliso ingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezimbini: a. I-On-Grid okanye i-Grid-Tied Systems: Kwi-grid-died systems, i-inverter yelanga isondla umbane we-AC ngokuthe ngqo kwigridi yoncedo. Oku kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwizixhobo zamandla enziwe ngamafutha ezilwanyana zamandulo ezabiwa phantsi komhlaba kwaye kuvumeleke ukubala ngemitha, apho umbane ogqithileyo owenziwe emini unokufakwa ngetyala kwaye usetyenziswe ngamaxesha asezantsi emveliso yelanga. b. Iinkqubo ze-Off-Grid: Kwiinkqubo ze-off-grid, i-solar inverter ihlawulisa ibhanki yebhetri ngaphezu kokubonelela ngombane kwimithwalo yombane. Iibhetri zigcina amandla elanga angaphezulu, anokusetyenziswa ngamaxesha emveliso yelanga ephantsi okanye ebusuku xa iipaneli zelanga zingavelisi mbane. Iimpawu zeSolar Inverters: Ukusebenza kakuhle: Iziguquli zeSolar zenzelwe ukuba zisebenze ngobuchule obuphezulu bokwandisa isivuno samandla senkqubo yePV yelanga. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla amancinci ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguqulwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yamandla elanga isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo. IsiPhumo saMandla: Iziguquli zeSolar ziyafumaneka kwiireyithingi zamandla ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezincinci zokuhlala ukuya kufakelo olukhulu lwentengiso. Ukukhutshwa kwamandla e-inverter kufuneka kuhambelane ngokufanelekileyo kunye nomthamo weepaneli zelanga ukuphumeza ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka: Iziguquli zelanga zisesichengeni seemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, kubandakanywa ukuguquguquka kwamaqondo obushushu, ukufuma, kunye nokuhamba kombane okunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, ii-inverters kufuneka zakhiwe ngezinto ezinamandla kwaye zenzelwe ukujamelana nale miqathango, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide. Ukubeka iliso kunye noNxibelelwano: Uninzi lwabaguquli belanga banamhlanje beza bexhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokubeka iliso ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba balandelele ukusebenza kwenkqubo yesolar PV. Ezinye ii-inverters zinokunxibelelana nezixhobo zangaphandle kunye neeplatifti zesoftware, ukubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela kunye nokuvumela ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula kude. Iimpawu zoKhuseleko: Iziguquli zeSolar zibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko ukukhusela zombini inkqubo kunye nabantu abasebenza nayo. Ezi mpawu ziquka ukukhuselwa kwe-overvoltage, ukukhuselwa kwe-overcurrent, ukubonwa kwempazamo yomhlaba, kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-anti-islanding, okuthintela i-inverter ekunikezeni amandla kwigridi ngexesha lokucima kwamandla. Ulwahlulo lwe-Solar Inverter ngoHlelo lwamandla Ii-PV inverters, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-solar inverters, zinokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kuyilo, ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ukuqonda ezi zigaba kunokunceda ekukhetheni i-inverter efanelekileyo kakhulu yenkqubo ethile ye-PV yelanga. Ezi zilandelayo zezona ntlobo ziphambili ze-PV inverters ezihlelwe ngokwenqanaba lamandla: I-inverter ngokwenqanaba lamandla: ikakhulu yahlulwe yaba yi-inverter esasaziweyo (inverter yomtya & inverter encinci), inverter esembindini. Ukuguqula umtyaers: Ii-inverters zentambo lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo olusetyenziswayo lwe-PV inverters kwindawo yokuhlala kunye norhwebo lofakelo lwelanga, zenzelwe ukuphatha iiphaneli ezininzi zelanga eziqhagamshelwe kuthotho, zenza "umtya." Umtya wePV (1-5kw) uye waba yeyona inverter idumileyo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe kule mihla ngokusebenzisa i-inverter enegunya eliphezulu lokulandela umkhondo kwicala le-DC kunye noqhagamshelo lwegridi ehambelanayo kwicala le-AC. Umbane we-DC owenziwe ngamaphaneli elanga wondliwa kwi-inverter yomtya, owuguqulela kumbane we-AC ukuze usetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza okanye uthunyelwe kwigridi. Ii-inverters zentambo ziyaziwa ngokulula kwazo, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokulula ukufakela. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza komtya wonke kuxhomekeke kwipaneli ephantsi kakhulu, enokuthi ibe nefuthe ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenkqubo. Iziguquli ezincinci: I-Micro inverters ziinverter ezincinci ezifakwe kwiphaneli nganye yelanga kwi-PV system. Ngokungafaniyo nabaguquli beentambo, ii-inverters ezincinci ziguqula umbane we-DC ukuya kwi-AC ekunene kwinqanaba lephaneli. Olu yilo luvumela ipaneli nganye ukuba isebenze ngokuzimeleyo, ikhulisa amandla aphumayo enkqubo. I-Micro inverters ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukulandelela indawo yephaneli yenqanaba eliphezulu (MPPT), ukusebenza kwenkqubo ephuculweyo kwiiphaneli ezinomthunzi okanye ezingahambelaniyo, ukhuseleko olwandisiweyo ngenxa yombane ophantsi we-DC, kunye nokubekw'esweni okucacileyo kokusebenza kwephaneli nganye. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili kunye nobunzima obunokubakho bofakelo zizinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Iziguquli ezibekwe embindini: Iziguquli ezisembindini, ezikwaziwa ngokuba ziziguquli ezinkulu okanye eziluncedo (>10kW) ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kufakelo olukhulu lwePV yelanga, njengeefama zesola okanye iiprojekthi zorhwebo zelanga. Ezi inverters ziyilelwe ukusingatha amagalelo amandla aphezulu DC ukusuka kwimitya ezininzi okanye uluhlu lweepaneli zelanga kwaye ziguqulelwe kumandla e-AC kuqhagamshelo lwegridi. Olona phawu likhulu ngamandla aphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi zenkqubo, kodwa ekubeni amandla ombane aphumayo kunye nokukhoyo kweentambo ezahlukeneyo zePV zihlala zingahambelani ncam (ingakumbi xa iintambo zePV zinomthunzi ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yobumnyama, umthunzi, amabala, njl.njl.) , ukusetyenziswa kwe-inverter ephakathi kuya kukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphantsi kwenkqubo yokuguqula kunye nokunciphisa amandla ombane asekhaya. Ii-inverters ezisembindini zihlala zinamandla aphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi, ukusuka kwiikilowathi ezininzi ukuya kwiimegawathi ezininzi. Zifakwe kwindawo ephakathi okanye kwisikhululo se-inverter, kwaye iintambo ezininzi okanye uluhlu lweepaneli zelanga zixhunyiwe kuzo ngokufanayo. Senza ntoni iSolar Inverter? Ii-inverters ze-Photovoltaic zisebenza imisebenzi emininzi, kubandakanywa ukuguqulwa kwe-AC, ukuphucula ukusebenza kweeseli zelanga, kunye nokukhusela inkqubo. Le misebenzi ibandakanya ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo kunye nokuvalwa, ulawulo oluphezulu lokulandela umkhondo wamandla, ukuchasana ne-anti-islanding (kwiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zegridi), ukulungiswa kwamandla ombane okuzenzekelayo (kwiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zegridi), ukufunyanwa kwe-DC (kwinkqubo edibeneyo yegridi), kunye nokufunyanwa komhlaba we-DC ( kwiinkqubo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi). Makhe sihlolisise ngokufutshane ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo kunye nokuvalwa komsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelwa kwamandla aphezulu. 1) Ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nomsebenzi wokuvala Emva kokuphuma kwelanga ekuseni, ubukhulu bemitha yelanga bukhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukuveliswa kweeseli zelanga kwandisa ngokufanelekileyo. Xa amandla aphumayo afunwa yi-inverter efikelelwe, i-inverter iqala ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Emva kokungena ekusebenzeni, i-inverter iya kubeka iliso ekuphumeni kwamacandelo eeseli zelanga lonke ixesha, ngokude nje ukuba amandla okuvelisa amacandelo eeseli zelanga makhulu kunamandla aphumayo afunwa yi-inverter, i-inverter iya kuqhubeka isebenza; kude kuphele ukutshona kwelanga, nokuba kuyanetha I-inverter iyasebenza. Xa imveliso yemodyuli yeseli yelanga iba yincinci kwaye imveliso ye-inverter isondele kwi-0, i-inverter iya kwenza i-standby state. I-2) Umsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelwa kwamandla aphezulu Imveliso yemodyuli yeseli yelanga iyahluka kunye nobukhulu bemitha yelanga kunye nobushushu bemodyuli yeseli yelanga ngokwayo (ubushushu be-chip). Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokuba imodyuli yeseli yelanga inesimo sokuba i-voltage iyancipha ngokunyuka kwangoku, ngoko kukho indawo efanelekileyo yokusebenza enokufumana amandla aphezulu. Ubunzulu bemitha yelanga buyatshintsha, ngokucacileyo eyona ndawo ilungileyo yokusebenza iyatshintsha. Ngokumalunga nolu tshintsho, indawo yokusebenza yemodyuli yeseli yelanga ihlala ikwindawo ephezulu yamandla, kwaye inkqubo ihlala ifumana amandla aphezulu aphuma kwimodyuli yeseli yelanga. Olu hlobo lolawulo lolona lawulo lokulandelela amandla aphezulu. Olona phawu lukhulu lwe-inverter esetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga ngumsebenzi weyona ndawo iphezulu yokulandelela umbane (MPPT). Iimpawu eziphambili zobuGcisa be-Photovoltaic Inverter 1. Ukuzinza kombane wokuphuma Kwinkqubo ye-photovoltaic, amandla ombane avela kwiseli yelanga kuqala agcinwe yibhetri, aze aguqulwe abe yi-220V okanye i-380V yangoku ngokutshintshana nge-inverter. Nangona kunjalo, ibhetri ichaphazeleka kwintlawulo yayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwayo, kwaye i-voltage yayo yokuphuma iyahluka kuluhlu olukhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ibhetri ye-12V ye-nominal inexabiso le-voltage enokuthi ihluke phakathi kwe-10.8 kunye ne-14.4V (ngaphaya kolu luhlu kunokubangela umonakalo kwibhetri). Kwi-inverter eqinisekisiweyo, xa i-voltage ye-terminal yegalelo itshintsha phakathi kolu luhlu, ukuhluka kwe-voltage ye-voltage ephumayo akufanele kudlule i-Plusmn; I-5% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo. Kwangaxeshanye, xa umthwalo utshintsha ngesiquphe, ukutenxa kwe-voltage ephumayo akufanele kudlule i-± 10% ngaphezu kwexabiso elilinganisiweyo. 2. Ukuguqulwa kwamaza ombane ophumayo Kwiziguquli zamaza e-sine, ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo bokugqwetheka kwefom yamaza (okanye umxholo we-harmonic) kufuneka uxelwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswe yi-total waveform ukuphazamiseka kwe-voltage ephumayo, kwaye ixabiso layo akufanele lidlule i-5% (i-10% ivumelekile kwimveliso yesigaba esisodwa). Ekubeni imveliso yangoku ye-harmonic ye-high-order ngoku yi-inverter iya kuvelisa ilahleko eyongezelelweyo efana ne-eddy currents kumthwalo ongenisayo, ukuba ukugqwethwa kwe-waveform ye-inverter kukhulu kakhulu, kuya kubangela ukufudumeza okunzulu kwamacandelo omthwalo, ongabalulekanga ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zombane kwaye luchaphazela kakhulu inkqubo. ukusebenza kakuhle. 3. Umlinganiselo wesiphumo esiphindaphindwayo Kwimithwalo ebandakanya iimotor, ezinje ngoomatshini bokuhlamba, iifriji, njl., kuba eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokusebenza kweemoto yi-50Hz, i-frequencies ephezulu kakhulu okanye ephantsi kakhulu iya kubangela ukuba isixhobo sifudumale, sinciphise ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nobomi benkonzo, ngoko ke i-inverter's Ukuphuma rhoqo kufuneka kube lixabiso elizinzileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo amandla amaninzi angama-50Hz, kwaye ukutenxa kwawo kufuneka kube ngaphakathi kwe-Plusmn;l% phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. 4. Umthwalo wamandla ombane Uphawu lwesakhono se-inverter kunye nomthwalo we-inductive okanye umthwalo we-capacitive. Umthwalo wamandla we-sine wave inverter yi-0.7 ~ 0.9, kwaye ixabiso elilinganisiweyo yi-0.9. Kwimeko yomthwalo othile womthwalo, ukuba amandla ombane we-inverter aphantsi, umthamo we-inverter efunekayo uya kwanda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iindleko ziya kwanda, kwaye ngelo xesha, amandla abonakalayo esekethe ye-AC yenkqubo ye-photovoltaic iya kwanda. Njengoko ukwanda kwangoku, ilahleko iya kunyuka ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye ukusebenza kwenkqubo kuya kuncipha. 5. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter kubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wamandla ayo aphumayo kumandla okufakwayo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezichaziweyo, ezichazwe njengepesenti. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photovoltaic inverter kubhekisela kumthwalo ococekileyo wokumelana. Ngaphantsi kwemeko ye-80% yomthwalo s ukusebenza kakuhle. Ekubeni ixabiso elipheleleyo le-photovoltaic system liphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photovoltaic inverter kufuneka kwandiswe ukunciphisa iindleko zenkqubo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweendleko zenkqubo ye-photovoltaic. Okwangoku, ukusebenza kakuhle okuqhelekileyo kwee-inverters eziqhelekileyo kuphakathi kwe-80% kunye ne-95%, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwee-inverters zamandla aphantsi kufuneka ukuba kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-85%. Kwinkqubo yoyilo lwangempela lwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic, akufuneki kuphela ukuba kukhethwe i-inverter ephezulu, kodwa kunye nokucwangciswa okufanelekileyo kwenkqubo kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukwenza umthwalo wenkqubo ye-photovoltaic usebenze kufuphi neyona ndawo isebenzayo ngokusemandleni. . 6. Umlinganiselo wemveliso yangoku (okanye umthamo wemveliso ulinganiswe) Ibonisa umlinganiselo wemveliso yangoku ye-inverter ngaphakathi koluhlu lomthwalo ochaziweyo wamandla. Ezinye iimveliso ze-inverter zinika umthamo olinganisiweyo wemveliso, kwaye iyunithi yayo ibonakaliswe kwi-VA okanye i-kVA. Umthamo olinganisiweyo we-inverter yimveliso ye-voltage yesiphumo esilinganisiweyo kunye nesiphumo esilinganisiweyo sangoku xa imveliso yamandla i-1 (oko kukuthi, umthwalo ochasayo). 7. Amanyathelo okhuseleko I-inverter enentsebenzo egqwesileyo kufuneka ibe nemisebenzi epheleleyo yokukhusela okanye imilinganiselo yokujongana neemeko ezahlukeneyo ezingaqhelekanga ezenzeka ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwangempela, ukwenzela ukukhusela i-inverter ngokwayo kunye namanye amacandelo enkqubo kumonakalo. 1) Ngenisa i-akhawunti ye-inshurensi engaphantsi kwe-voltage: Xa i-voltage ye-terminal yegalelo iphantsi kwe-85% ye-voltage elinganisiweyo, i-inverter kufuneka ibe nokukhuselwa kunye nokubonisa. 2) Igalelo lokukhusela i-overvoltage: Xa i-voltage ye-terminal igalelo iphezulu kune-130% ye-voltage elinganisiweyo, i-inverter kufuneka ibe nokukhuselwa kunye nokubonisa. 3) Ukhuseleko lwangoku: Ukukhuselwa okugqithisiweyo kwe-inverter kufuneka kukwazi ukuqinisekisa isenzo esifike ngexesha xa umthwalo ufutshane okanye umbane udlula ixabiso elivumelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba uthintele ukuba ungonakaliswe ngokunyuka kwangoku. Xa umbane osebenzayo udlula i-150% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo, i-inverter kufuneka ikwazi ukukhusela ngokuzenzekelayo. 4) imveliso yokukhusela isiphaluka esifutshane Ixesha lesenzo sokukhusela i-short-circuit ye-inverter akufanele lidlule i-0.5s. 5) Ukhuseleko lokungena umva polarity: Xa izibonda ezintle kunye nezibi ze-terminal yokufaka ziguqulwa, i-inverter kufuneka ibe nomsebenzi wokukhusela kunye nokubonisa. 6) Ukhuseleko lombane: I-inverter kufuneka ibe nokhuseleko lombane. 7) Ukukhuselwa kobushushu obungaphezulu, njl. Ukongeza, kwii-inverters ngaphandle kwamanyathelo okuzinzisa i-voltage, i-inverter kufuneka ibe nemveliso yokukhusela i-overvoltage yokukhusela umthwalo kumonakalo ogqithiseleyo. 8. Iimpawu zokuqala Ukubonakalisa ukukwazi kwe-inverter ukuqala ngomthwalo kunye nokusebenza ngexesha lokusebenza okuguquguqukayo. I-inverter kufuneka iqinisekise ukuqala okuthembekileyo phantsi komthwalo olinganisiweyo. 9. Ingxolo Izinto ezinje ngee-transformers, i-inductors zokucoca, iiswitshi ze-electromagnetic kunye neefeni ezikwizixhobo zombane zombane ziya kwenza ingxolo. Xa i-inverter isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, ingxolo yayo akufanele idlule i-80dB, kwaye ingxolo ye-inverter encinci ayifanele idlule i-65dB. Izakhono zokuKhetha ii-Solar Inverters