Ngo-2024, imakethi ekhulayo yokugcina amandla ehlabathi ikhokelele ekuqondweni kancinci kwexabiso elibalulekileyoiinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetrikwiimarike ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kwiimarike zamandla elanga, ngokuthe ngcembe ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yegridi. Ngenxa yobume bexeshana lamandla elanga, unikezelo lwayo aluzinzile, kwaye iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri ziyakwazi ukubonelela ngokulawulwa kwamaza, ngaloo ndlela kulungelelaniswa ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwegridi. Ukuqhubela phambili, izixhobo zokugcina amandla ziya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi ekuboneleleni ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokuhlehlisa imfuno yotyalo-mali olunexabiso elikhulu ekusasazeni, ekuhanjisweni nasekuveliseni izixhobo.
Iindleko zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla elanga kunye nebhetri ziye zehla kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Kwiimarike ezininzi, usetyenziso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo lujongela phantsi kancinci kancinci ukhuphiswano lwefosili kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya. Nangona kwakukade kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyiweyo kuneendleko ezininzi, namhlanje ixabiso lemithombo ethile yamandla efosili liphezulu kakhulu kuneendleko zokuvelisa amandla ahlaziyiweyo.
Ukongeza,udibaniso lwezixhobo zelanga + zokugcina zinokubonelela ngamandla kwigridi, endaweni yendima yezityalo zamandla ezibaswa ngegesi yendalo. Ngeendleko zotyalo-mali kumaziko ombane elanga ancitshiswe kakhulu kwaye akukho zindleko zamafutha ezenziweyo kubo bonke ubomi babo, indibaniselwano sele ibonelela ngamandla ngexabiso eliphantsi kunemithombo yamandla emveli. Xa izibonelelo zamandla elanga zidibaniswe neenkqubo zokugcina ibhetri, amandla abo angasetyenziselwa ixesha elithile, kwaye ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kweebhetri livumela iiprojekthi zabo ukuba ziphendule ngokuguquguqukayo kwiimfuno zombini kunye nemarike yeenkonzo ezincedisayo.
Ngoku,iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisekwe kwi-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) iteknoloji ilawula imarike yokugcina amandla.Ezi bhetri zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokhuseleko lwazo oluphezulu, ubomi bomjikelezo omde kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kwe-thermal. Nangona ukuxinana kwamandlaiibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphateiphantsi kancinane kunezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium, zenze inkqubela phambili ngokuphucula iinkqubo zokuvelisa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2030, ixabiso leebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate liya kuncipha ngakumbi, ngelixa ukukhuphisana kwabo kwimarike yokugcina amandla kuya kuqhubeka nokunyuka.
Ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno yezithuthi zombane,inkqubo yokugcina amandla kwindawo yokuhlala, Inkqubo ye-stroage ye-C&Ikunye neenkqubo ezinkulu zokugcina amandla, iingenelo zeebhetri ze-Li-FePO4 ngokweendleko, ubomi kunye nokhuseleko zenza kube yinto ethembekileyo. Nangona iithagethi zayo zokuxinana kwamandla zingenakubaluleka njengezinye iibhetri zeekhemikhali, iingenelo zayo kukhuseleko kunye nokuphila ixesha elide zinika indawo kwiimeko zesicelo ezifuna ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.
Imiba ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kuthunyelwa isiXhobo sokuGcina amandla ebhetri
Zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuthunyelwa izixhobo zokugcina amandla. Amandla kunye nobude benkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri kuxhomekeke kwinjongo yayo kwiprojekthi. Injongo yeprojekthi igqitywa yixabiso layo lezoqoqosho. Ixabiso layo lezoqoqosho lixhomekeke kwimarike apho inkqubo yokugcina amandla ithatha inxaxheba. Le marike ekugqibeleni igqiba ukuba ibhetri iya kusasaza njani amandla, intlawulo okanye ukukhutshwa, kwaye iya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani. Ngoko amandla kunye nobude bebhetri ayigxininisi kuphela iindleko zotyalo-mali lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla, kodwa kunye nobomi bokusebenza.
Inkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha inkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri iya kuba nenzuzo kwezinye iimarike. Kwezinye iimeko, kuphela iindleko zokuhlawula ezifunekayo, kwaye iindleko zokuhlawula yindleko yokuqhuba ishishini lokugcina amandla. Isixa kunye nesantya sentlawulo asifani nesixa sokukhupha.
Umzekelo, kwigridi-scale solar + ibhetri ufakelo lokugcina amandla, okanye kwi-client-side-side storage system applications esebenzisa amandla elanga, inkqubo yokugcina ibhetri isebenzisa amandla avela kwindawo yokuvelisa amandla elanga ukuze ifanelekele iikhredithi zerhafu yotyalo-mali (ITCs). Ngokomzekelo, kukho ama-nuances kumbono wokuhlawula-to-ntlawulo kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla kwiMibutho yoThutho lweNgingqi (RTOs). Kumzekelo wentlawulo yerhafu yotyalo-mali (ITC), inkqubo yokugcina ibhetri inyusa ixabiso leequity yeprojekthi, ngaloo ndlela inyusa ireyithi yembuyekezo yomnini. Kumzekelo we-PJM, inkqubo yokugcina ibhetri ihlawula ukuhlawula kunye nokukhutshwa, ngoko imbuyekezo yayo yokubuyisela ihambelana nombane wayo.
Kubonakala kungenangqondo ukuthetha ukuba amandla kunye nobude bebhetri bumisela ubomi bayo. Inani lezinto ezinje ngamandla, ubude bexesha, kunye nobomi zenza ugcino lwebhetri lwahluke kobunye ubugcisa bamandla. Embindini wenkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri yibhetri. Njengeeseli zelanga, izinto zabo ziyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukunciphisa ukusebenza. Iiseli zelanga zilahlekelwa yimveliso yamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ngelixa ukuchithwa kwebhetri kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okugcina amandla.Nangona iinkqubo zelanga zingahlala iminyaka eyi-20-25, iinkqubo zokugcina ibhetri zihlala kuphela kwi-10 ukuya kwi-15 iminyaka.
Iindleko zokutshintshwa kunye nokutshintshwa kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi. Ithuba lokutshintshwa kuxhomekeke kwimpumelelo yeprojekthi kunye neemeko ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwayo.
Izinto ezine eziphambili ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwebhetri?
- Ubushushu bokusebenza kwebhetri
- Ibhetri yangoku
- Umndilili wemeko yebhetri yokutshaja (SOC)
- 'I-oscillation' ye-avareji yemo yebhetri yokutshaja (SOC), okt, ithuba lomndilili wemeko yokutshaja kwebhetri (SOC) apho ibhetri ikuyo amaxesha amaninzi. Umba wesithathu nowesine zinxulumene.
Kukho izicwangciso ezibini zokulawula ubomi bebhetri kwiprojekthi.Isicwangciso sokuqala kukunciphisa ubungakanani bebhetri ukuba iprojekthi ixhaswa yingeniso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokubuyisela ezicwangcisiweyo kwixesha elizayo. Kwiimarike ezininzi, iingeniso ezicwangcisiweyo zinokuxhasa iindleko zokubuyisela kwixesha elizayo. Ngokubanzi, ukuthotywa kweendleko kwixesha elizayo kumacandelo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe xa kuqikelelwa iindleko zokubuyisela kwixesha elizayo, ezihambelana namava emarike kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo. Isicwangciso sesibini kukunyusa ubungakanani bebhetri ukwenzela ukuba kuncitshiswe i-total current (okanye i-C-rate, ichazwa ngokulula njengokutshaja okanye ukukhupha ngeyure) ngokuphumeza iiseli ezihambelanayo. Ukutshaja okusezantsi kunye nokukhupha imisinga kuthande ukuvelisa amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kuba ibhetri ivelisa ubushushu ngexesha lokutshaja nokukhupha. Ukuba kukho amandla agqithisileyo kwisixokelelwano sokugcina ibhetri kwaye amandla amancinci asetyenzisiweyo, isixa sokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhetri kuya kuncitshiswa kwaye ubomi bayo bandiswe.
Ukutshaja ibhetri/ukukhupha ligama eliphambili.Ushishino lweemoto lukholisa ukusebenzisa 'imijikelo' njengomlinganiselo wobomi bebhetri. Kwizicelo zogcino lwamandla omileyo, iibhetri zilindeleke ukuba zihlawulwe ngokuyinxenye okanye zikhutshwe inxenye, intlawulo nganye kunye nokukhutshwa kwazo akonelanga.
Amandla ebhetri akhoyo.Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla kunokujikeleza ngaphantsi kwesinye ngosuku kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo semarike, kunokugqithisa le metric. Ke ngoko, abasebenzi kufuneka bamisele ubomi bebhetri ngokuvavanya amandla ebhetri.
Ubomi beSixhobo sokuGcinwa kwamandla kunye noQinisekiso
Uvavanyo lwesixhobo sogcino lwamandla luneendawo ezimbini eziphambili.Okokuqala, uvavanyo lweeseli zebhetri lubalulekile ekuhloleni ubomi benkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri.Uvavanyo lweeseli zebhetri lubonisa amandla kunye nobuthathaka beeseli zebhetri kwaye kunceda abaqhubi baqonde ukuba iibhetri kufuneka zidibaniswe njani kwinkqubo yokugcina amandla kunye nokuba oku kudityaniswa kufanelekile.
Uchungechunge kunye noqwalaselo oluhambelanayo lweeseli zebhetri lunceda ukuqonda indlela inkqubo yebhetri esebenza ngayo kunye nendlela eyilwe ngayo.Iiseli zebhetri eziqhagamshelwe kuthotho zivumela ukupakishwa kombane webhetri, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amandla ombane enkqubo yebhetri eneeseli ezininzi zebhetri eziqhagamsheleneyo zilingana nombane weseli yebhetri nganye ephindaphindwe ngenani leeseli. Uluhlu oludityanisiweyo lwezakhiwo zebhetri zibonelela ngeenzuzo zeendleko, kodwa zikwanazo nezinto ezingeloncedo. Xa iibhetri ziqhagamshelwe kuthotho, iiseli zomntu ngamnye zoba umsinga ofanayo nowebhetri. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iseli enye ine-voltage ephezulu ye-1V kunye nomthamo ophezulu we-1A, ngoko iiseli ezili-10 kwichungechunge zine-voltage ephezulu ye-10V, kodwa zisenomthamo ophezulu we-1A, kumandla onke we-10V * 1A = 10W. Xa uqhagamshelwe kwichungechunge, inkqubo yebhetri ijongene nomngeni wokubeka iliso kwi-voltage. Ukujongwa kwe-voltage kunokwenziwa kwiipakethi zebhetri ezidityanisiweyo zokunciphisa iindleko, kodwa kunzima ukubona umonakalo okanye ukuhla kwamandla eeseli nganye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iibhetri ezihambelanayo zivumela ukupakishwa kwangoku, oku kuthetha ukuba i-voltage yepakethi yebhetri ehambelanayo ilingana nombane weseli nganye kunye nenkqubo yangoku ilingana ne-cell current yangoku iphindwe ngenani leeseli ngokuhambelanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-1V efanayo, ibhetri ye-1A isetyenzisiweyo, iibhetri ezimbini zinokudibaniswa ngokufanayo, eziya kunqumla i-current kwisiqingatha, kwaye i-10 izibini zeebhetri ezihambelanayo zinokudityaniswa kuthotho ukufezekisa i-10V kwi-voltage ye-1V kunye ne-1A yangoku. , kodwa oku kuxhaphake ngakumbi kuqwalaselo oluhambelanayo.
Lo mahluko phakathi koluhlu kunye neendlela ezihambelanayo zoqhagamshelo lwebhetri ubalulekile xa kuqwalaselwa iziqinisekiso zomthamo webhetri okanye imigaqo-nkqubo yewaranti. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zihamba phantsi kwi-hierarchy kwaye ekugqibeleni zichaphazela ubomi bebhetri:iimpawu zemarike ➜ ukuziphatha kokutshaja/ukukhupha ➜ unyino lwenkqubo ➜ uthotho lwebhetri kunye nolwakhiwo olunxuseneyo.Ke ngoko, umthamo webhetri yenameplate awubonisi ukuba ukwakhiwa ngokugqithisileyo kunokubakho kwinkqubo yokugcina ibhetri. Ubukho be-overbuilding ibalulekile kwiwaranti yebhetri, njengoko imisela ibhetri yangoku kunye nobushushu (iqondo lokuhlala iseli kuluhlu lwe-SOC), ngelixa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kuya kugqiba ixesha lokuphila kwebhetri.
Uvavanyo lwenkqubo luncediso kuvavanyo lweeseli zebhetri kwaye luhlala lusebenza ngakumbi kwiimfuno zeprojekthi ezibonisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo yebhetri.
Ukuze uzalisekise ikhontrakthi, abavelisi bebhetri yogcino lwamandla badla ngokuphuhlisa iprothokholi yovavanyo lokuqinisekisa isistim kunye nenkqubo engaphantsi, kodwa abanakho ukulungisa umngcipheko wenkqubo yebhetri egqitha ubomi bebhetri. Ingxoxo eqhelekileyo malunga nokugunyaziswa kwentsimi ziimeko zovavanyo lwamandla kunye nokuba zihambelana nesicelo senkqubo yebhetri.
Ukubaluleka koVavanyo lwebhetri
Emva kokuba i-DNV GL ivavanye ibhetri, idatha ifakwe kwi-scorecard yokusebenza kwebhetri yonyaka, enika idatha ezimeleyo kubathengi benkqubo yebhetri. Ikhadi lamanqaku libonisa indlela ibhetri esabela ngayo kwiimeko ezine zesicelo: ubushushu, okwangoku, imeko yentlawulo (SOC) kunye nexabiso eliphantsi (SOC) ukuguquguquka.
Uvavanyo luthelekisa ukusebenza kwebhetri kwi-series-parallel configuration, imida yenkqubo, ukutshaja kweemarike / ukuziphatha kokukhutshwa kunye nokusebenza kweemarike. Le nkonzo ikhethekileyo iqinisekisa ngokuzimeleyo ukuba abavelisi beebhetri banoxanduva kwaye bavavanya ngokuchanekileyo iziqinisekiso zabo ukuze abanini benkqubo yebhetri benze uhlolo olunolwazi malunga nokuvezwa kwabo kumngcipheko wobugcisa.
UKhetho loMboneleli weSixhobo soGcino lwaMandla
Ukuze uqonde umbono wokugcinwa kwebhetri,ukhetho lomthengisi lubalulekile- ke ukusebenza neengcali zobugcisa ezithembekileyo eziqondayo yonke imiceli mngeni yobungakanani bomsebenzi kunye namathuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphumelela kweprojekthi. Ukukhetha umboneleli wenkqubo yokugcina ibhetri kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba inkqubo iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yoqinisekiso lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo zokugcina ibhetri ziye zavavanywa ngokuhambelana ne-UL9450A kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ziyafumaneka ukuze zihlolwe. Naziphi na ezinye iimfuno ezijongene nendawo ethile, ezinjengokubona umlilo owongezelelweyo kunye nokukhusela okanye ukungena komoya, akunakuqukwa kwimveliso esisiseko somenzi kwaye kuya kufuneka ibhalwe njenge-add-on efunekayo.
Isishwankathelo, izixhobo zokugcina amandla ezisetyenziswayo zingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ukugcinwa kwamandla ombane kunye nokuxhasa indawo yomthwalo, imfuno ephezulu, kunye nezisombululo zamandla aphakathi. Ezi nkqubo zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi apho iinkqubo zamafutha efosili kunye/okanye uhlaziyo lwemveli luthathwa njengolungasebenziyo, olungenzekiyo okanye olunexabiso eliphezulu. Izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela uphuhliso oluyimpumelelo lweeprojekthi ezinjalo kunye nokuhlala kwazo ngokwemali.
Kubalulekile ukusebenza kunye nomenzi othembekileyo wokugcina ibhetri.I-BSLBATT Energy ngumboneleli ohamba phambili kwimarike yezisombululo zokugcina iibhetri ezikrelekrele, ukuyila, ukuvelisa kunye nokuhambisa izisombululo zobunjineli ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwizicelo zeengcali. Umbono wenkampani ugxile ekuncedeni abathengi bacombulule imiba yamandla eyodwa echaphazela ishishini labo, kwaye ubuchule be-BSLBATT bunokubonelela ngezisombululo ezilungiselelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zabathengi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-28-2024