I-Tesla Powerwall ishintshe indlela abantu abakhuluma ngayo ngamabhethri elanga kanye nesitoreji samandla sasekhaya ukusuka ekubeni yingxoxo ngekusasa baye engxoxweni emayelana manje. Odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokwengeza isitoreji sebhethri, njenge-Tesla Powerwall, kusistimu yephaneli yelanga yekhaya lakho. Umqondo wesitoreji sebhethri lasekhaya awumusha. I-off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi womoya ezindaweni ezikude kudala zisebenzisa isitoreji sebhethri ukuze kuthwebule ugesi ongasetshenzisiwe ukuze usetshenziswe kamuva. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi phakathi neminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ezayo, amakhaya amaningi anama-solar panel nawo azoba nesistimu yebhethri. Ibhethri lithwebula noma yimaphi amandla elanga angasetshenzisiwe akhiqizwa emini, ukuze asetshenziswe kamuva ebusuku kanye nezinsuku zokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi. Ukufakwa okubandakanya amabhethri kuya ngokuya kuduma. Kukhona ukukhangwa kwangempela ekubeni uzimele ngangokunokwenzeka kugridi; kubantu abaningi, akusona nje isinqumo sezomnotho, kodwa futhi esemvelo, futhi kwabanye, kuwukubonakaliswa kwesifiso sabo sokuzimela ezinkampanini zamandla. 
Ibiza malini iTesla Powerwall ngo-2019? Kube nokukhuphuka kwentengo ngo-Okthoba 2018 kangangokuthi i-Powerwall ngokwayo manje ibiza u-$6,700 kanye nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezisekelayo zibiza u-$1,100, okuletha inani lezindleko zesistimu ku-$7,800 kanye nokufakwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isifakiwe izoba cishe ku-$10,000, uma kubhekwa inkomba yentengo yokuyifaka ekhishwe inkampani ephakathi kuka-$2,000–$3,000. Ingabe isisombululo se-Tesla sokugcina amandla siyafaneleka ukuthola ikhredithi yentela yokutshala imali yenhlangano? Yebo, i-Powerwall ifaneleka ukuthola ikhredithi yentela yelanga engu-30% lapho (I-Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) Iyachazwa)ifakwe nama-solar panel ukugcina amandla elanga. Yiziphi izici ezi-5 ezenza isixazululo se-Tesla Powerwall sigqame njengesixazululo samanje esingcono kakhulu sokugcina ibhethri lelanga endaweni yokugcina amandla? ● Izindleko cishe zingu-$10,000 ezifakelwa u-13.5 kWh wesitoreji esisebenzisekayo. Leli inani elihle uma kuqhathaniswa nenani eliphakeme lokugcinwa kwamandla elanga. Noma kunjalo hhayi ukubuya okumangalisayo, kodwa okungcono kunontanga yayo; ●Isiguquli sebhethri esakhelwe ngaphakathi nohlelo lokuphatha ibhethri manje selufakiwe ezindlekweni. Ngamanye amabhethri amaningi elanga i-inverter yebhethri kufanele ithengwe ngokuhlukana; ●Ikhwalithi Yebhethri. I-Tesla ihlanganyele ne-Panasonic ngobuchwepheshe bayo bebhethri ye-Lithium-Ion okusho ukuthi amaseli ebhethri ngamanye kufanele abe phezulu kakhulu ngekhwalithi; ●Isakhiwo esilawulwa yisofthiwe esihlakaniphile kanye nesistimu yokupholisa ibhethri. Nakuba ngingeyena uchwepheshe kulokhu, kubonakala kimi ukuthi u-Tesla uhola iphakethe ngokwemibandela yokulawula ukuqinisekisa kokubili ukuphepha nokusebenza okuhlakaniphile; futhi ●Izilawuli ezisekelwe esikhathini zikuvumela ukuba unciphise izindleko zikagesi ovela kugridi ngosuku lapho ubhekene nenkokhelo kagesi wesikhathi sokusebenzisa (TOU). Nakuba abanye bekhulume ngokukwazi ukwenza lokhu akekho omunye umuntu ongibonise uhlelo lokusebenza olushelelayo efonini yami ukusetha izikhathi eziphakeme nezingafiki kakhulu kanye namazinga kanye nokwenza ibhethri lisebenze ukuze nginciphise izindleko zami njengoba i-Powerwall ingenza. Ukugcinwa kwebhethri lasekhaya kuyisihloko esishisayo kubathengi abaqaphela amandla. Uma unamaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwakho, kunenzuzo esobala yokugcina ugesi ongasetshenzisiwe ebhethrini ongawusebenzisa ebusuku noma ngezinsuku zokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi. Kodwa asebenza kanjani la mabhethri futhi yini okudingeka uyazi ngaphambi kokulifaka? Ixhumeke kwigridi uma iqhathaniswa ne-off-grid Kunezindlela ezine eziyinhloko ikhaya lakho elingasethelwa ngazo ugesi. Ixhumeke kwigridi (akukho solar) Ukusetha okuyisisekelo, lapho wonke ugesi wakho uvela kugridi eyinhloko. Ikhaya alinawo ama-solar panel noma amabhethri. I-solar exhunywe kwigridi (alikho ibhethri) Ukusetha okujwayelekile kakhulu kwamakhaya anamaphaneli elanga. Amaphaneli elanga ahlinzeka ngamandla phakathi nosuku, futhi ikhaya ngokuvamile lisebenzisa la mandla kuqala, lisebenzisa amandla egridi kunoma yimuphi ugesi owengeziwe odingekayo ngezinsuku eziphansi zokukhanya kwelanga, ebusuku, nangezikhathi zokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu. Ibhethri yelanga + exhunywe kwigridi (amasistimu e-"hybrid") Lawa anamaphaneli elanga, ibhethri, i-inverter eyi-hybrid (noma okungenzeka ukuthi ama-inverter amaningi), kanye noxhumano kugridi kagesi oyinhloko. Amaphaneli elanga ahlinzeka ngamandla phakathi nosuku, futhi ikhaya ngokuvamile lisebenzisa amandla elanga kuqala, lisebenzisa noma yikuphi okweqile ukushaja ibhethri. Ngezikhathi zokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, noma ebusuku kanye nezinsuku zokukhanya okuphansi kwelanga, ikhaya lidonsa amandla ebhethri, futhi njengendlela yokugcina kugridi. Ukucaciswa kwebhethri Lezi yizicaciso zokusebenza ezibalulekile zebhethri lasekhaya. Amandla Angakanani amandla ibhethri elingawagcina, ngokuvamile akalwa ngama-kilowatt-amahora (kWh). Umthamo omncane yinani eliphelele lamandla ibhethri elingawabamba; umthamo osebenzisekayo ukuthi kungakanani lokho kungasetshenziswa ngempela, ngemva kokuba ukujula kokukhishwa kufakwe phakathi. Ukujula kokukhishwa (DoD) Kuvezwe njengephesenti, leli inani lamandla elingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokusheshisa ukuwohloka kwebhethri. Izinhlobo eziningi zebhethri zidinga ukubamba ukushajwa okuthile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukugwema umonakalo. Amabhethri e-lithium angakhishwa ngokuphephile aze afike ku-80–90% womthamo wawo ovamile. Amabhethri e-lead-acid ngokuvamile angashajwa aze afike ku-50-60%, kuyilapho amabhethri agelezayo angashajwa ngo-100%. Amandla Mangakanani amandla (ngama-kilowatts) ibhethri elingawaletha. Amandla aphezulu/aphakeme kakhulu ibhethri elingalethwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa lokhu kuqhuma kwamandla ngokuvamile kungagcinwa isikhathi esifushane. Amandla aqhubekayo inani lamandla alethiwe ngenkathi ibhethri inokushajwa okwanele. Ukusebenza kahle I-kWh ngayinye yeshaji efakiwe, ingakanani ibhethri elizoyigcina bese licisha futhi. Kuhlala kukhona ukulahleka okuthile, kodwa ibhethri ye-lithium ngokuvamile kufanele isebenze kahle ngaphezu kuka-90%. Inani lemijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha Okuphinde kubizwe ngempilo yomjikelezo, lena ukuthi mingaki imijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri engakwazi ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuthi kubhekwe ukuthi ifike ekupheleni kwempilo yayo. Abakhiqizi abahlukene bangase balinganise lokhu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Amabhethri e-lithium angasebenza imijikelezo eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ubude bempilo (iminyaka noma imijikelezo) Impilo elindelekile yebhethri (kanye newaranti yayo) ingalinganiswa ngemijikelezo (bona ngenhla) noma iminyaka (okuyinto ngokuvamile eyisilinganiso esisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile okulindelekile kwebhethri). Ubude bokuphila kufanele futhi busho izinga elilindelekile lomthamo ekupheleni kwempilo; kumabhethri e-lithium, lokhu ngokuvamile kuzoba cishe u-60–80% womthamo wangempela. Ibanga lokushisa elizungezile Amabhethri azwela izinga lokushisa futhi adinga ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile. Angehlisa isithunzi noma avale ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibandayo. Izinhlobo zebhethri I-Lithium-ion Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwebhethri olufakwa ezindlini namuhla, lawa mabhethri asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo kozakwabo abancane kuma-smartphone namakhompyutha aphathekayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-lithium-ion chemistry. Uhlobo oluvamile olusetshenziswa kumabhethri asekhaya i-lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC), esetshenziswa i-Tesla ne-LG Chem. Enye ikhemikhali evamile i-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO, noma i-LFP) okuthiwa iphephile kune-NMC ngenxa yengozi ephansi ye-thermal runaway (ukulimala kwebhethri kanye nomlilo ongaba khona obangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukushajwa ngokweqile) kodwa inomthamo ophansi wamandla. I-LFP isetshenziswa kumabhethri asekhaya enziwe i-BYD ne-BSLBATT, phakathi kwamanye. Izinzuzo ●Banganikeza izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zemijikelezo yokukhipha imali. ●Angakhishwa kakhulu (kufika ku-80-90% womthamo wawo wonke). ●Afanele ububanzi obubanzi bamazinga okushisa e-ambient. ●Kufanele zihlale iminyaka engu-10+ ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile. Ububi ●Ukuphela kwempilo kungase kube inkinga kumabhethri amakhulu e-lithium. ●Kudingeka zigaywe kabusha ukuze kubuyiselwe izinsimbi ezibalulekile futhi kuvinjwe ukulahlwa kwedoti okunobuthi, kodwa izinhlelo ezinkulu zisaqala. Njengoba amabhethri e-lithium asekhaya nawezimoto evame kakhulu, kulindeleke ukuthi izinqubo zokugaywa kabusha zizothuthuka. ●I-lead-acid, i-advanced lead-acid (i-lead carbon) ●Ubuchwepheshe obuhle bebhethri le-lead-acid endala obusiza ukuqalisa imoto yakho buphinde busetshenziselwa isitoreji esikhulu. Iwuhlobo lwebhethri oluqondwa kahle futhi olusebenzayo. I-Ecoult wumkhiqizo owodwa owenza amabhethri e-lead-acid athuthukisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuthuthuka okubalulekile ekusebenzeni noma ukuncipha kwentengo, kunzima ukubona i-asidi yomthofu iqhudelana isikhathi eside ne-lithium-ion noma obunye ubuchwepheshe. Izinzuzo Ashibhile uma kuqhathaniswa, anezinqubo ezimisiwe zokulahla nokugaywa kabusha. Ububi ●Bakhulu. ●Ziyakwazi ukuzwela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-ambient, elinganciphisa ukuphila kwazo. ●Banomjikelezo wokushaja ohamba kancane. Ezinye izinhlobo Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri nokugcinwa busesimweni sokuthuthuka ngokushesha. Obunye ubuchwepheshe obukhona njengamanje buhlanganisa ibhethri le-Aquon hybrid ion (amanzi anosawoti), amabhethri kasawoti ancibilikisiwe, kanye ne-Arvio Sirius supercapacitor esanda kumenyezelwa. Sizobheka imakethe futhi sibike ngesimo semakethe yebhethri yasekhaya futhi esikhathini esizayo. Konke ngentengo eyodwa ephansi I-BSLBATT Home Battery imikhumbi ngasekuqaleni kuka-2019, nakuba inkampani ingakaqinisekisi ukuthi leso yisikhathi sezinguqulo ezinhlanu. Isiguquli esihlanganisiwe senza i-AC Powerwall ibe yisinyathelo esiphambili ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuqala, ngakho-ke kungathatha isikhathi eside ukukhishwa kunenguqulo ye-DC. Isistimu ye-DC iza nesiguquli esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-DC/DC, esinakekela izindaba zamandla kagesi eziphawulwe ngenhla. Ukubeka eceleni ubunkimbinkimbi bezakhiwo ezahlukene zesitoreji, i-Powerwall yamahora angu-14-kilowatt eqala ku-$3,600 ihola ngokucacile inkambu enanini elisohlwini. Uma amakhasimende eyicela, yilokho abakufunayo, hhayi izinketho zohlobo lwamanje oluphethe. Ingabe kufanele ngithole ibhethri lasekhaya? Emakhaya amaningi, sicabanga ukuthi ibhethri alenzi umqondo ophelele wezomnotho okwamanje. Amabhethri asabiza futhi isikhathi sokukhokha ngokuvamile sizoba side kunesikhathi sewaranti yebhethri. Okwamanje, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion kanye ne-inverter ye-hybrid ngokuvamile izobiza phakathi kuka-$8000 no-$15,000 (ofakiwe), kuye ngomthamo nomkhiqizo. Kodwa amanani ayehla futhi eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu kungase kube isinqumo esifanele ukufaka ibhethri lesitoreji nganoma iyiphi isistimu ye-solar PV. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi batshala imali ekugcinweni kwebhethri lasekhaya manje, noma okungenani baqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo zabo ze-solar PV zilungele ibhethri. Sincoma ukuthi usebenze ngezingcaphuno ezimbili noma ezintathu ezivela kubafaki abathembekile ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekufakeni ibhethri. Imiphumela yocwaningo lweminyaka emithathu olushiwo ngenhla ibonisa ukuthi kufanele uqiniseke ngewaranti eqinile, nokuzibophezela kokusekelwa okuvela kumnikezeli wakho wempahla kanye nomkhiqizi webhethri uma kwenzeka kuba namaphutha. Izinhlelo zikahulumeni zesaphulelo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhweba amandla ezifana ne-Reposit, zingenza amabhethri asebenze ngokwezomnotho kweminye imizi. Ngale kwesinxephezelo esijwayelekile seSitifiketi Sobuchwepheshe Bezinga Elincane (STC) samabhethri, okwamanje kunezinhlelo zesaphulelo noma zemalimboleko ezikhethekile e-Victoria, eNingizimu Australia, e-Queensland, nase-ACT. Okuningi kungase kulandele ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuhlola ukuthi yini etholakalayo endaweni yangakini. Uma wenza izibalo ukuze unqume ukuthi ibhethri liyawenza yini umqondo ngekhaya lakho, khumbula ukucabangela intela ye-feed-in (FiT). Leli inani olikhokhelayo nganoma yimaphi amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa amaphaneli akho elanga futhi afakwa kugridi. Kuwo wonke ama-kWh aphambukiselwe ekushajeni ibhethri lakho, uzoyiyeka intela yokuphakelayo. Nakuba i-FiT ngokuvamile iphansi kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziningi zase-Australia, kuseyizindleko zethuba okufanele uzicabangele. Ezindaweni ezine-FiT evulekile njengeNorthern Territory, kungenzeka kube nenzuzo enkulu ukungalifaki ibhethri bese uqoqa i-FiT ukuze ukhiqize amandla akho engeziwe. Amagama I-Watt (W) ne-kilowatt (kW) Iyunithi esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izinga lokudluliswa kwamandla. I-kilowatt eyodwa = 1000 watts. Ngamaphaneli elanga, isilinganiso kuma-watts sicacisa amandla amakhulu iphaneli engawaletha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngamabhethri, isilinganiso samandla sicacisa ukuthi mangakanani amandla angalethwa ibhethri. Amahora we-Watt (Wh) nama-kilowatt-amahora (kWh) Isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwamandla noma ukusetshenziswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-kilowatt-hour (kWh) iyunithi ozoyibona esikweletini sakho sikagesi ngoba ukhokhiselwa ukusebenzisa kwakho ugesi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iphaneli yelanga ekhiqiza u-300W ngehora elilodwa izoletha u-300Wh (noma u-0.3kWh) wamandla. Kumabhethri, umthamo ku-kWh ukuthi ibhethri ingawagcina amandla angakanani. I-BESS (isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri) Lokhu kuchaza iphakheji eliphelele lebhethri, izinto zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe, nesofthiwe yokuphatha ukushaja, ukukhishwa, ileveli ye-DoD nokuningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-08-2024