yini i-solar inverter?

Njengoba umhlaba uya phambili ekuphishekeleni izixazululo zamandla esimeme nezihlanzekile, amandla elanga aqhamuke njengokuhamba phambili emjahweni obheke ekusaseni eliluhlaza. Ngokuhlanganisa amandla amaningi futhi avuselelekayo elanga, izinhlelo ze-solar photovoltaic (PV) zithole ukuthandwa okubanzi, okuvula indlela yenguquko ephawulekayo endleleni esenza ngayo ugesi. Enhliziyweni yawo wonke ama-solar PV system kunengxenye ebalulekile eyenza ukuguqulwa kokukhanya kwelanga kube amandla asebenzisekayo: thei-solar inverter. Esebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga negridi kagesi, ama-solar inverters adlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwamandla elanga. Ukuqonda isimiso sabo sokusebenza kanye nokuhlola izinhlobo zabo ezihlukahlukene kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda imishini ethakazelisayo yokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga. Hawu ASolarIi-nverterWnoma? I-solar inverter iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esiguqula ugesi wamanje oqondile (DC) okhiqizwe amaphaneli elanga ube ugesi oshintshanayo wamanje (AC) ongasetshenziswa ukuphehla izinto zasendlini futhi ufakwe kugridi kagesi. Umgomo wokusebenza we-inverter yelanga ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuguqulwa, ukulawula, nokuphuma. Ukuguqulwa: I-inverter yelanga kuqala ithola ugesi we-DC okhiqizwa ama-solar panel. Lo gesi we-DC ngokuvamile usesimweni se-voltage eguquguqukayo ehluka ngobukhulu bokukhanya kwelanga. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-inverter ukuguqula le voltage ye-DC eguquguqukayo ibe i-voltage ye-AC ezinzile efaneleka ukusetshenziswa. Inqubo yokuguqula ihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile: isethi yokushintsha kwamandla kagesi (imvamisa i-insulated-gate bipolar transistors noma ama-IGBT) kanye ne-high-frequency transformer. Amaswishi anesibopho sokuvula nokuvala ngokushesha amandla kagesi e-DC, okwenza isignali ye-high-frequency pulse. I-transformer ibe isikhuphula i-voltage iye ezingeni elifiswayo le-AC voltage. Lawula: Isigaba sokulawula se-inverter yelanga siqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokuguqula isebenza kahle futhi ngokuphepha. Kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwama-algorithms okulawula ayinkimbinkimbi nezinzwa ukuqapha nokulawula amapharamitha ahlukahlukene. Eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile yokulawula ihlanganisa: a. I-Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT): Amaphaneli elanga anendawo yokusebenza efanele ebizwa ngokuthi i-maximum power point (MPP), lapho akhiqiza khona amandla aphezulu okukhanya kwelanga okunikiwe. I-algorithm ye-MPPT iqhubeka nokulungisa indawo yokusebenza yamaphaneli elanga ukuze kwandiswe ukuphuma kwamandla ngokulandelela i-MPP. b. I-Voltage and Frequency Regulation: Isistimu yokulawula ye-inverter igcina i-voltage ephumayo ye-AC ezinzile kanye nemvamisa, ngokuvamile elandela izindinganiso zegridi yokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana namanye amadivaysi kagesi futhi kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo negridi. c. Ukuvumelanisa Igridi: Iziguquli zelanga ezixhunywe kwigridi zivumelanisa isigaba nemvamisa yokuphuma kwe-AC negridi yokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuvumelanisa kuvumela isiguquli ukuthi sibuyisele amandla engeziwe kugridi noma sidonse amandla kugridi lapho ukukhiqizwa kwelanga kunganele. Okukhiphayo: Esigabeni sokugcina, inverter yelanga iletha ugesi we-AC oguquliwe emithwalweni kagesi noma kugridi. Okukhiphayo kungasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili: a. I-On-Grid noma I-Grid-Tied Systems: Kuzinhlelo eziboshwe ngegridi, isiguquli selanga siphakela ugesi we-AC ngokuqondile kugridi yokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuncika ezimbonini zamandla kaphethiloli asuselwa kuphethiloli futhi kuvumela ukulinganiswa kwenetha, lapho ugesi oweqile okhiqizwa emini ungafakwa futhi usetshenziswe ngezikhathi eziphansi zokukhiqiza ilanga. b. Ama-Off-Grid Systems: Kumasistimu angaphandle kwegridi, isiguquli selanga sishaja ibhange lebhethri ngaphezu kokuphakela amandla emithwalweni kagesi. Amabhethri agcina amandla elanga engeziwe, angasetshenziswa ngezikhathi zokukhiqizwa kwelanga eliphansi noma ebusuku lapho amaphaneli elanga engaphehli ugesi. Izimpawu zama-Solar Inverters: Ukusebenza kahle: Ama-Solar inverters aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngempumelelo ephezulu ukuze akhulise isivuno samandla ohlelo lwe-solar PV. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla amancane phakathi nenqubo yokuguqulwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yamandla elanga isetshenziswa ngempumelelo. Okukhipha Amandla: Ama-Solar inverters ayatholakala ngezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene zamandla, kusukela kumasistimu amancane okuhlala kuya ekufakweni kwezentengiselwano ezinkulu. Ukukhishwa kwamandla kwe-inverter kufanele kuhambisane ngokufanele namandla amaphaneli elanga ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle. Ukuqina Nokuthembeka: Ama-Solar inverter achayeka ezimeni ezehlukene zemvelo, okuhlanganisa nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama, kanye nogesi ongase ube khona. Ngakho-ke, ama-inverters kufanele akhiwe ngezinto eziqinile futhi aklanyelwe ukumelana nalezi zimo, ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside. Ukuqapha Nokuxhumana: Ama-inverter amaningi esimanje elanga afika anezinhlelo zokuqapha ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balandelele ukusebenza kwesistimu yabo ye-solar PV. Amanye ama-inverter angakwazi futhi ukuxhumana namadivayisi angaphandle namapulatifomu esofthiwe, anikeze idatha yesikhathi sangempela futhi anike amandla ukuqapha nokulawula okukude. Izici zokuphepha: Ama-Solar inverters ahlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphepha ukuvikela kokubili uhlelo kanye nabantu abasebenza nalo. Lezi zici zifaka phakathi ukuvikela ugesi omningi, ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent, ukutholwa kwephutha eliphansi, nokuvikela ukuvikela isiqhingi, okuvimbela isiguquli ekufakeni amandla kugridi ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kukagesi. I-Solar Inverter Classification by Power Rating Ama-inverter e-PV, aziwa nangokuthi ama-solar inverters, angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuya ngomklamo wawo, ukusebenza kwawo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kungasiza ekukhetheni i-inverter efanelekayo yohlelo oluthile lwe-solar PV. Okulandelayo yizinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-inverters e-PV ahlukaniswe ngeleveli yamandla: I-Inverter ngokwezinga lamandla: ikakhulukazi ihlukaniswe i-inverter esabalalisiwe (inverter yezintambo & inverter encane), i-inverter emaphakathi I-String Inverters: Ama-inverter ezintambo awuhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lwama-PV inverter ezindaweni zokuhlala nezohwebo zokufakelwa kwelanga, aklanyelwe ukuphatha amaphaneli elanga amaningi axhunywe ochungechungeni, akha “uchungechunge.” Intambo ye-PV (1-5kw) isiphenduke inverter ethandwa kakhulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe namuhla ngokusebenzisa isiguquli esinamandla okulandelela ukuphakama okuphezulu ohlangothini lwe-DC kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi efanayo ohlangothini lwe-AC. Ugesi we-DC okhiqizwe amaphaneli elanga ufakwa kusiguquli sentambo, esiguqulela ugesi we-AC ukuze sisetshenziswe ngokushesha noma sithunyelwe kugridi. Ama-inverter ezintambo aziwa ngobulula, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nokufaka kalula. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwayo yonke iyunithi yezinhlamvu kuncike kuphaneli esebenza kancane, engaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwesistimu iyonke. Ama-Micro inverters: Ama-Micro inverters ama-inverter amancane afakwe kuphaneli ngayinye yelanga kuhlelo lwe-PV. Ngokungafani neziguquli zezintambo, iziguquli ezincane ziguqula ugesi we-DC ube yi-AC khona kanye ezingeni lephaneli. Lo mklamo uvumela iphaneli ngayinye ukuthi isebenze ngokuzimela, ithuthukise ukuphuma kwamandla esistimu. Ama-inverter ama-Micro anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa i-panel-level maximum power point tracking (MPPT), ukusebenza kwesistimu okuthuthukisiwe kumaphaneli anomthunzi noma angafani, ukuphepha okukhuphukile ngenxa yama-voltage e-DC aphansi, nokuqapha okuningiliziwe kokusebenza kwephaneli ngayinye. Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi okungaba khona kokufaka izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ama-Inverters Aphakathi: Ama-inverter aphakathi nendawo, aziwa nangokuthi ama-inverter amakhulu noma asetshenziswayo (>10kW), avame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni kwe-PV enkulu yelanga, njengamapulazi elanga noma amaphrojekthi elanga athengiswayo. Lawa ma-inverters aklanyelwe ukuphatha okokufaka kwamandla aphezulu e-DC kusuka kuzintambo eziningi noma amaphaneli elanga futhi awaguqule abe amandla e-AC oxhumano lwegridi. Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke amandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi zesistimu, kodwa njengoba amandla kagesi okukhiphayo kanye namanje ezintambo ezahlukene ze-PV ngokuvamile azifani ncamashi (ikakhulukazi lapho izintambo ze-PV zinomthunzi ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuguqubala, umthunzi, amabala, njll.) , ukusetshenziswa kwe-inverter ephakathi kuzoholela ekusebenzeni okuphansi kwenqubo yokuguqula kanye namandla aphansi kagesi asekhaya. Ama-inverter abekwe endaweni eyodwa ngokuvamile anamandla amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, kusukela kuma-kilowatts ambalwa ukuya kuma-megawatt ambalwa. Zifakwe endaweni emaphakathi noma esiteshini se-inverter, futhi izintambo eziningi noma amaphaneli elanga axhunywe kuzo ngokufana. Yenzani I-Solar Inverter? Ama-Photovoltaic inverters asebenza imisebenzi eminingi, okuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-AC, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwamaseli elanga, nokuvikelwa kwesistimu. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo nokuvalwa, ukulawulwa kokulandela amandla okuphezulu, ukuvikela isiqhingi (kumasistimu axhumeke kugridi), ukulungiswa kwamandla kagesi okuzenzakalelayo (kumasistimu axhumeke kugridi), ukutholwa kwe-DC (kumasistimu axhumeke kugridi), kanye nokutholwa komhlaba kwe-DC ( kumasistimu axhunywe kugridi). Ake sihlole kafushane ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo nomsebenzi wokuvala shaqa kanye nomsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelela amandla aphezulu. 1) Ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nomsebenzi wokuvala shaqa Ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga ekuseni, ukuqina kwemisebe yelanga kukhula kancane kancane, futhi ukukhishwa kwamangqamuzana elanga kuyanda ngokufanele. Lapho amandla okukhiphayo adingwa i-inverter efinyelelwa, i-inverter iqala ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngemva kokungena ekusebenzeni, i-inverter izoqapha ukukhishwa kwezingxenye zeseli yelanga ngaso sonke isikhathi, inqobo nje uma amandla okukhipha izingxenye zeseli yelanga makhulu kunamandla okukhipha adingwa yi-inverter, i-inverter izoqhubeka nokusebenza; kuze kuphele ukushona kwelanga, noma lina I-inverter nayo iyasebenza. Lapho ukukhishwa kwemodyuli yeseli yelanga kuba kuncane futhi ukukhishwa kwe-inverter kusondele ku-0, i-inverter izokwakha isimo sokulinda. 2) Umsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelela amandla amakhulu Ukukhishwa kwe-module ye-solar cell kuyahlukahluka ngokushuba kwemisebe yelanga kanye nokushisa kwe-module ye-solar cell ngokwayo (izinga lokushisa le-chip). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-solar cell module inesici sokuthi i-voltage iyancipha ngokunyuka kwamanje, ngakho-ke kukhona iphuzu lokusebenza elilungile elingathola amandla amakhulu. Amandla emisebe yelanga ayashintsha, ngokusobala indawo engcono kakhulu yokusebenza nayo iyashintsha. Ngokuphathelene nalezi zinguquko, indawo yokusebenza yemoduli yeseli yelanga ihlale isendaweni yamandla aphezulu, futhi uhlelo luhlala luthola ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu kusuka kumojula yeseli yelanga. Lolu hlobo lokulawula luwumkhawulo wokulawula ukulandelela amandla. Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke se-inverter esetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuphehla amandla elanga wumsebenzi we-maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Izinkomba Eziyinhloko Zezobuchwepheshe Ze-Photovoltaic Inverter 1. Ukuzinza kwe-voltage ephumayo Kuhlelo lwe-photovoltaic, amandla kagesi akhiqizwa iseli yelanga agcinwa kuqala yibhethri, bese eguqulwa abe ngu-220V noma 380V alternating current ngokusebenzisa inverter. Kodwa-ke, ibhethri ithintwa ukushajwa kwayo kanye nokuphuma kwayo, futhi i-voltage yayo yokuphuma iyahlukahluka ebangeni elikhulu. Isibonelo, ibhethri legama elingu-12V linevelu ye-voltage engahluka phakathi kuka-10.8 no-14.4V (ngale kwalobu bubanzi kungase kubangele ukulimala kwebhethri). Ku-inverter efanelekayo, lapho i-voltage yetheminali yokufaka ishintsha ngaphakathi kwalolu bubanzi, ukuhluka kwe-voltage ephumayo yesimo esiqinile akufanele kudlule i-Plusmn; 5% yenani elilinganiselwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho umthwalo ushintsha ngokuzumayo, ukuchezuka kwawo kagesi okukhiphayo akufanele kudlule u-±10% ngaphezu kwenani elilinganiselwe. 2. Ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-Waveform ye-voltage ephumayo Kuma-sine wave inverters, ubukhulu obuvunyelwe bokuhlanekezela kwe-waveform (noma okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic) kufanele kucaciswe. Ngokuvamile kuvezwa ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-waveform okuphelele kwe-voltage yokuphuma, futhi inani layo akufanele lidlule i-5% (i-10% ivunyelwe ukuphuma kwesigaba esisodwa). Njengoba ukukhishwa kwamanje kwe-harmonic ephezulu ye-harmonic yi-inverter kuzodala ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe njengama-eddy currents kumthwalo we-inductive, uma ukuhlanekezela kwe-waveform ye-inverter kukhulu kakhulu, kuzodala ukushisa okukhulu kwezingxenye zomthwalo, okungenakulungele ukuphepha kwemishini kagesi futhi kuthinta kabi uhlelo. ukusebenza kahle. 3. Isilinganiso sokukhipha imvamisa Emithwalweni ehlanganisa amamotho, njengemishini yokuwasha, iziqandisi, njll., njengoba iphoyinti elilungile lokusebenzisa imvamisa yezinjini ingu-50Hz, amaza aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi kakhulu azobangela ukuthi okokusebenza kushise, kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu nempilo yesevisi, ngakho-ke i-inverter's I-frequency ephumayo kufanele ibe inani elizinzile, ngokuvamile i-frequency yamandla ibe ngu-50Hz, futhi ukuchezuka kwayo kufanele kube ngaphakathi kwe-Plusmn;l% ngaphansi kokusebenza okuvamile. izimo. 4. Layisha amandla factor Bamba ikhono le-inverter ngomthwalo we-inductive noma umthwalo we-capacitive. Isici samandla omthwalo we-sine wave inverter ngu-0.7~0.9, futhi inani elilinganiselwe lingu-0.9. Endabeni yamandla athile omthwalo, uma isici samandla se-inverter siphansi, umthamo we-inverter edingekayo uzokhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zizokhula, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla abonakalayo wesifunda se-AC se-photovoltaic system azokhula. Njengoba ukwanda kwamanje, ukulahlekelwa kuzokwanda nakanjani, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu nakho kuzokwehla. 5. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter Ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter kubhekisela esilinganisweni samandla ayo aphumayo kumandla okufaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusebenza ezishiwo, ezivezwa njengephesenti. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kahle okubizwa nge-photovoltaic inverter kubhekisela kumthwalo wokumelana okumsulwa. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza kahle komthwalo we-80%. Njengoba izindleko eziphelele zesistimu ye-photovoltaic ziphakeme, ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter ye-photovoltaic kufanele kukhuliswe ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zesistimu futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezindleko zesistimu ye-photovoltaic. Njengamanje, ukusebenza kahle okujwayelekile kwama-inverters ajwayelekile kuphakathi kuka-80% no-95%, futhi ukusebenza kahle kweziguquli zamandla aphansi kuyadingeka ukuthi kungabi ngaphansi kwama-85%. Enkambweni yangempela yokuklama yesistimu ye-photovoltaic, akufanele nje kukhethwe i-inverter esebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa futhi ukumiswa okunengqondo kwesistimu kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukwenza umthwalo wesistimu ye-photovoltaic usebenze eduze nendawo yokusebenza kahle kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. . 6. Ukukhishwa okulinganiselwe kwamanje (noma umthamo wokukhiphayo olinganiselwe) Ibonisa umthamo wamanje olinganiselwe we-inverter ngaphakathi kwebanga lesici samandla esishiwo. Eminye imikhiqizo ye-inverter inikeza amandla okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe, futhi iyunithi yayo ivezwa nge-VA noma i-kVA. Umthamo olinganiselwe we-inverter ungumkhiqizo we-voltage elinganiselwe ephumayo kanye nesilinganiso samanje sokuphumayo lapho isici samandla okukhiphayo singu-1 (okungukuthi, umthwalo ophikisayo kuphela). 7. Izinyathelo zokuvikela I-inverter esebenza kahle kakhulu kufanele futhi ibe nemisebenzi yokuvikela ephelele noma izinyathelo zokubhekana nezimo ezihlukahlukene ezingavamile ezenzeka phakathi nokusetshenziswa kwangempela, ukuze kuvikelwe inverter ngokwayo nezinye izingxenye zesistimu emonakalweni. 1) Faka i-akhawunti yomshwalense we-undervoltage: Lapho i-voltage yetheminali yokufaka ingaphansi kuka-85% we-voltage elinganiselwe, i-inverter kufanele ibe nesivikelo nesibonisi. 2) Isivikeli se-overvoltage esifakiwe: Lapho i-voltage yetheminali yokufaka ingaphezulu kuka-130% wevoltheji elinganiselwe, i-inverter kufanele ibe nesivikelo nesibonisi. 3) Ukuvikelwa kwamanje: Ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent ye-inverter kufanele kukwazi ukuqinisekisa isenzo esifike ngesikhathi lapho umthwalo ufushane noma i-current idlula inani elivumelekile, ukuze ivimbele ukuthi ingalinyazwa amandla okushisa. Lapho ukusebenza kwamanje kudlula u-150% yenani elilinganiselwe, i-inverter kufanele ikwazi ukuvikela ngokuzenzakalelayo. 4) okukhipha ukuvikelwa kwesifunda esifushane Isikhathi sesenzo sokuvikela isifunda esifushane se-inverter akufanele sidlule ama-0.5s. 5) Okokufaka ukuvikela ukuhlehla kwe-polarity: Uma izigxobo eziphozithivu nezingezinhle zetheminali yokufaka zihlehliswa, isiguquli kufanele sibe nomsebenzi wokuvikela nesibonisi. 6) Ukuvikelwa kombani: I-inverter kufanele ibe nesivikelo sombani. 7) Ukuvikelwa kwezinga lokushisa ngokweqile, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-inverters ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuqiniswa kwe-voltage, i-inverter kufanele futhi ibe nezinyathelo zokuvikela ukuphuma kwe-overvoltage ukuvikela umthwalo emonakalweni we-overvoltage. 8. Izici zokuqalisa Ukubonisa ikhono le-inverter ukuqala ngomthwalo kanye nokusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuguquguqukayo. I-inverter kufanele iqinisekise ukuqala okuthembekile ngaphansi komthwalo olinganiselwe. 9. Umsindo Izingxenye ezinjengama-transformer, ama-inductors okuhlunga, ama-switch e-electromagnetic namafeni asemashini kagesi azodala umsindo. Uma i-inverter isebenza ngokujwayelekile, umsindo wayo akufanele udlule ku-80dB, futhi umsindo we-inverter encane akufanele udlule ku-65dB. Amakhono Okukhetha Ama-Solar Inverters